Shot noise limited soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy in solution at a SASE-FEL using a transmission grating beam splitter.

Shot noise limited soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy in solution at a SASE-FEL using a transmission grating beam splitter.
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DOI:
10.1063/4.0000049
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发表时间:
2021-01
期刊:
Structural dynamics (Melville, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Beye M
Beye M
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Engel RY;Ekimova M;Miedema PS;Kleine C;Ludwig J;Ochmann M;Grimm-Lebsanft B;Ma R;Teubner M;Dziarzhytski S;Brenner G;Czwalinna MK;Rösner B;Kim TK;David C;Herres-Pawlis S;Rübhausen M;Nibbering ETJ;Huse N;Beye M

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X射线吸收近边结构(XANES)光谱提供了元素特异性,是探测局部未占据电子结构的强大实验方法。在软x射线领域,它特别适合于研究3d金属和轻元素,如氮。最近的发展,在真空兼容的液体平板射流促进了软X射线透射光谱的分子在溶液中,提供信息的杂原子和金属中心的价电荷分布。在这里,我们展示了在汉堡的自由电子激光器(FEL)FLASH上进行的氮K边溶液中分子的XANES光谱。一个分裂束参考方案的最佳特点是强烈的拍摄到拍摄波动固有的过程中的自放大自发辐射的基础上,大多数自由电子激光。由于这种归一化,实现了1%的相对透射率变化的灵敏度,受到基本光子散粒噪声的限制。在不改变自由电子激光参数的情况下,通过在自由电子激光脉冲串上划线电子能量来增加有效自由电子激光带宽,以测量更宽的光谱窗口。我们建议修改的实验装置与潜在的提高仪器灵敏度的两个数量级,从而利用自由电子激光的高峰通量,使前所未有的灵敏度飞秒XANES光谱在软X射线光谱区域的液体。
X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy provides element specificity and is a powerful experimental method to probe local unoccupied electronic structures. In the soft x-ray regime, it is especially well suited for the study of 3d-metals and light elements such as nitrogen. Recent developments in vacuum-compatible liquid flat jets have facilitated soft x-ray transmission spectroscopy on molecules in solution, providing information on valence charge distributions of heteroatoms and metal centers. Here, we demonstrate XANES spectroscopy of molecules in solution at the nitrogen K-edge, performed at FLASH, the Free-Electron Laser (FEL) in Hamburg. A split-beam referencing scheme optimally characterizes the strong shot-to-shot fluctuations intrinsic to the process of self-amplified spontaneous emission on which most FELs are based. Due to this normalization, a sensitivity of 1% relative transmission change is achieved, limited by fundamental photon shot noise. The effective FEL bandwidth is increased by streaking the electron energy over the FEL pulse train to measure a wider spectral window without changing FEL parameters. We propose modifications to the experimental setup with the potential of improving the instrument sensitivity by two orders of magnitude, thereby exploiting the high peak fluence of FELs to enable unprecedented sensitivity for femtosecond XANES spectroscopy on liquids in the soft x-ray spectral region.
用于溶液相软X射线光谱的液体扁平机系统。
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发表时间: 2015-09
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影响因子: --
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