Is Well-Being Associated With the Quantity and Quality of Social Interactions?
Is Well-Being Associated With the Quantity and Quality of Social Interactions?
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DOI：
10.1037/pspp0000272
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发表时间：
2020-12-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Vazire, Simine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sun, Jessie;Harris, Kelci;Vazire, Simine
社会关系经常被吹捧为幸福的关键。然而，绝大多数关于社会关系的研究都依赖于对社会互动和幸福感的自我报告测量，这使得很难从共享的方法差异中分离出真正的联系。为了解决这一差距，我们使用日常生活中的自我报告和基于观察者的衡量标准来评估社交互动的数量和质量。参与者(N=256；3,206观察)佩戴电子激活录音机(EAR)，这是一种不显眼的录音机，并采用完整的体验抽样方法自我报告他们的瞬时社会互动、幸福感和社会联系感觉，每天4次，持续一周。观察者根据同一时间点的耳朵录音对参与者的社交互动的数量和质量进行了评级。社交互动的数量与当下和平均的幸福感密切相关，无论是通过自我报告还是观察者报告来衡量。社交质量的对话(谈话深度和自我表露)和关系(了解和喜欢一个人的互动伙伴)也通常与更大的幸福感相关，但对于自我报告(与观察者报告的)质量变量、人内(与人之间)联系以及预测社交联系(与幸福感)的影响更大、更一致。最后，尽管内向者和外向者的大多数联想是相似的，但我们的探索结果表明，与外向者相比，内向者在进行更深入的对话时，可能会在社交联系方面体验到更大的提升。这项研究提供了令人信服的多方法证据，支持更频繁和更深入的社会互动与幸福感之间的联系。
Social relationships are often touted as critical for well-being. However, the vast majority of studies on social relationships have relied on self-report measures of both social interactions and well-being, which makes it difficult to disentangle true associations from shared method variance. To address this gap, we assessed the quantity and quality of social interactions using both self-report and observer-based measures in everyday life. Participants (N = 256; 3,206 observations) wore the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), an unobtrusive audio recorder, and completed experience sampling method self-reports of their momentary social interactions, happiness, and feelings of social connectedness, 4 times each day for 1 week. Observers rated the quantity and quality of participants' social interactions based on the EAR recordings from the same time points. Quantity of social interactions was robustly associated with greater well-being in the moment and on average, whether they were measured with self-reports or observer reports. Conversational (conversational depth and self-disclosure) and relational (knowing and liking one's interaction partners) aspects of social interaction quality were also generally associated with greater well-being, but the effects were larger and more consistent for self-reported (vs. observer-reported) quality variables, within-person (vs. between-person) associations, and for predicting social connectedness (vs. happiness). Finally, although most associations were similar for introverts and extraverts, our exploratory results suggest that introverts may experience greater boosts in social connectedness, relative to extraverts, when engaging in deeper conversations. This study provides compelling multimethod evidence supporting the link between more frequent and deeper social interactions and well-being.