Characterization of a culturable alphaproteobacterial symbiont common to many marine sponges and evidence for vertical transmission via sponge larvae
Characterization of a culturable alphaproteobacterial symbiont common to many marine sponges and evidence for vertical transmission via sponge larvae
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.72.5.3724-3732.2006
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Hill, Russell T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Enticknap, Julie J.;Kelly, Michelle;Hill, Russell T.
一个密切相关的甲变形菌群存在于来自不同地点的7属海洋海绵中，并通过其中一种海绵的幼虫在海绵世代之间转移。从美国佛罗里达州基拉戈市的海绵中培养分离出甲原杆菌，分别为瓦楞轴菌、轻柔Mycale、Monanchora unguifera和Niphates digitalis；牙买加愉景湾的雪铁饼和凤梨；来自印度尼西亚万鸦老的Acanthostronglyophora sp.；以及马里兰州切萨皮克湾的繁殖小微藻。分离菌株在16S rRNA基因序列上非常相似（bbb99 %同源），与反硝化假弧菌亲缘关系密切。该细菌从未从周围的水样中分离出来，而是从M. laxissima的幼虫中培养出来的，表明它是该海绵中垂直传播的共生体。变性梯度凝胶电泳、16S rRNA基因克隆文库分析和α变形杆菌特异性探针荧光原位杂交证实该细菌存在于M. laxissitna幼虫中。甲变形杆菌与幼虫紧密相关，而不是均匀分布在整个中叶基。这是第一个成功培养通过配子转移的海绵细菌共生体的报告。
A closely related group of alphaproteobacteria were found to be present in seven genera of marine sponges from several locations and were shown to be transferred between sponge generations through the larvae in one of these sponges. Isolates of the alphaprotcobacterium were cultured from the sponges Axinella corrugata, Mycale laxissima, Monanchora unguifera, and Niphates digitalis from Key Largo, Florida; Didiscus oxeata and Monanchora unguifera from Discovery Bay, Jamaica; an Acanthostronglyophora sp. from Manado, Indonesia; and Microciona prolifera from the Cheasapeake Bay in Maryland. Isolates were very similar to each other on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence (> 99% identity) and are closely related to Pseudovibrio denitrificans. The bacterium was never isolated from surrounding water samples and was cultured from larvae of M. laxissima, indicating that it is a vertically transmitted symbiont in this sponge. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis, and fluorescent in situ hybridization with probes specific to the alphaproteobacterium confirmed the presence of this bacterium in the M. laxissitna larvae. The alphaproteobacterium was densely associated with the larvae rather than being evenly distributed throughout the mesohyl. This is the first report of the successful culture of a bacterial symbiont of a sponge that is transferred through the gametes.