Vaccines to combat the neglected tropical diseases.
Vaccines to combat the neglected tropical diseases.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00976.x
复制
发表时间：
2011-01
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Hotez PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bethony JM;Cole RN;Guo X;Kamhawi S;Lightowlers MW;Loukas A;Petri W;Reed S;Valenzuela JG;Hotez PJ
被忽视的热带病（NTDs）是一组寄生虫和相关传染病，如阿米巴病、恰加斯病、囊虫病、棘球蚴病、钩虫病、利什曼病和血吸虫病。这些疾病加在一起被认为是低收入和中等收入国家最常见的感染，在这些国家造成的全球残疾和人类痛苦程度相当于人体免疫机能丧失病毒/后天免疫机能丧失综合症和疟疾等较广为人知的疾病。尽管它们在全球公共卫生方面具有重要意义，但由于一些关键的技术障碍，以及这些感染几乎只发生在生活在世界银行贫困线以下的世界上最贫穷的人身上，开发针对NTD病原体的疫苗的进展一直滞后。由于缺乏对新产品的财政激励，跨国制药公司尚未着手进行被忽视的热带病疫苗的实质性研究和开发计划。在此，我们回顾了在开发被忽视的新型热带病疫苗方面的科学和技术进展现状，强调了已经取得的成功（囊虫病和棘球蚴病），并确定了针对被忽视热带病开发新疫苗的挑战和机遇。还强调了非营利性产品开发伙伴关系正在作出的贡献，这些伙伴关系正在努力克服疫苗生产、临床试验和全球获取方面的一些经济挑战。
The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent a group of parasitic and related infectious diseases such as amebiasis, Chagas disease, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, hookworm, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis. Together, these conditions are considered the most common infections in low- and middle-income countries, where they produce a level of global disability and human suffering equivalent to better known conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and malaria. Despite their global public health importance, progress on developing vaccines for NTD pathogens has lagged because of some key technical hurdles and the fact that these infections occur almost exclusively in the world’s poorest people living below the World Bank poverty line. In the absence of financial incentives for new products, the multinational pharmaceutical companies have not embarked on substantive research and development programs for the neglected tropical disease vaccines. Here, we review the current status of scientific and technical progress in the development of new neglected tropical disease vaccines, highlighting the successes that have been achieved (cysticercosis and echinococcosis) and identifying the challenges and opportunities for development of new vaccines for NTDs. Also highlighted are the contributions being made by non-profit product development partnerships that are working to overcome some of the economic challenges in vaccine manufacture, clinical testing, and global access.