Encoding Taste: From Receptors to Perception.
Encoding Taste: From Receptors to Perception.
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DOI：
10.1007/164_2021_559
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发表时间：
2022
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味觉信息在味觉神经系统中编码，就像在其他感觉系统中一样，但明显的例外。充分刺激的概念是所有感官形式的共同概念，从躯体感觉到听觉、视觉等等。也就是说，感觉细胞通常只对一种特定形式的刺激做出反应，即适当的刺激，如光子(视觉系统中的光感受器)、气味(嗅觉系统中的嗅觉神经元)、伤害性热(躯体感觉系统中的伤害性感受器)等。外周感觉受体将刺激转化为膜电位变化，以动作电位序列的形式传递到大脑。在味觉领域，关于刺激的不同方面的信息，如质量、强度和持续时间，如何在动作电位序列中进行编码，一直是味觉领域争论的热点。一个极端是标记线/空间编码的概念--每种不同口味(甜、咸、酸等)的信息。沿着平行但独立的神经元系列(“线”)传递，这些神经元投射到味觉皮质神经元的焦点簇(“空间”)。这些集群对于每种口味质量都是不同的。与此相对的是群体/组合编码和时间编码的概念，在这些编码中，味觉信息由神经元群(电路)和这些神经元电路中的脉冲模式加密。群体/组合和时间编码的关键是，单个神经元中的冲动活动不会提供关于味觉刺激的明确信息。只有神经元群体和它们的脉冲放电模式才能产生这种信息。
Taste information is encoded in the gustatory nervous system much as in other sensory systems, with notable exceptions. The concept of adequate stimulus is common to all sensory modalities, from somatosensory to auditory, visual, and so forth. That is, sensory cells normally respond only to one particular form of stimulation, the adequate stimulus, such as photons (photoreceptors in the visual system), odors (olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory system), noxious heat (nociceptors in the somatosensory system), etc. Peripheral sensory receptors transduce the stimulus into membrane potential changes transmitted to the brain in the form of trains of action potentials. How information concerning different aspects of the stimulus such as quality, intensity, and duration are encoded in the trains of action potentials is hotly debated in the field of taste. At one extreme is the notion of labeled line/spatial coding – information for each different taste quality (sweet, salty, sour, etc.) is transmitted along a parallel but separate series of neurons (a “line”) that project to focal clusters (“spaces”) of neurons in the gustatory cortex. These clusters are distinct for each taste quality. Opposing this are concepts of population/combinatorial coding and temporal coding, where taste information is encrypted by groups of neurons (circuits) and patterns of impulses within these neuronal circuits. Key to population/combinatorial and temporal coding is that impulse activity in an individual neuron does not provide unambiguous information about the taste stimulus. Only populations of neurons and their impulse firing pattern yield that information.