Early modern human diversity suggests subdivided population structure and a complex out-of-Africa scenario
Early modern human diversity suggests subdivided population structure and a complex out-of-Africa scenario
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0808160106
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发表时间：
2009-04-14
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Weber, Gerhard W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gunz, Philipp;Bookstein, Fred L.;Weber, Gerhard W.
对有关现代人类起源的遗传证据的解释，除其他外，取决于对古代人口的结构和变异的评估。因为我们缺乏第一批解剖学意义上的现代人出现的时间的基因数据，也就是20万到6万年前，所以我们利用神经颅几何的表型来比较早期现代人化石与其他类群的化石人和最近的现代人的差异。变异被评估为在基于几百个神经颅标志和半标志的表示中，与组平均形状的均方根普洛克氏距离。我们发现，在我们覆盖180万年的样本中，早期现代人群的形状变化比任何其他人群都要多，而且他们在形态上与地理上分散的不同人群的现代人类相似，但与古代人群不同。在目前相互竞争的现代人类起源模型中，有些与这些发现不一致。我们认为，早期现代人在更新世的非洲已经分成了不同的种群，而不是单一的走出非洲的分散情景，之后出现了一个复杂的迁移模式。我们的结论对从遗传模型推断古人类人口学具有启示意义，并强调了将研究重点放在那些早期现代人身上的重要性，特别是在非洲。
The interpretation of genetic evidence regarding modern human origins depends, among other things, on assessments of the structure and the variation of ancient populations. Because we lack genetic data from the time when the first anatomically modern humans appeared, between 200,000 and 60,000 years ago, instead we exploit the phenotype of neurocranial geometry to compare the variation in early modern human fossils with that in other groups of fossil Homo and recent modern humans. Variation is assessed as the mean-squared Procrustes distance from the group average shape in a representation based on several hundred neurocranial landmarks and semilandmarks. We find that the early modern group has more shape variation than any other group in our sample, which covers 1.8 million years, and that they are morphologically similar to recent modern humans of diverse geographically dispersed populations but not to archaic groups. Of the currently competing models of modern human origins, some are inconsistent with these findings. Rather than a single out-of-Africa dispersal scenario, we suggest that early modern humans were already divided into different populations in Pleistocene Africa, after which there followed a complex migration pattern. Our conclusions bear implications for the inference of ancient human demography from genetic models and emphasize the importance of focusing research on those early modern humans, in particular, in Africa.