The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-349-16829-3_12
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ali Rattansi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ali Rattansi
《满洲国》的中心统一主题是资本主义私有制条件下的劳动异化及其在共产主义条件下的超越和废除。正如我已经论证过的，彻底解放的学说是使马克思能够在他的著作中把“阶级”和“分工”同化的关键，在这里，它得到了更清楚的阐述和雄辩的表达。马克思认为，共产主义是“对一切异化的积极的超越”;私有制的废除，共产主义，是人与自然之间冲突的真正解决，是存在与本质、对象化与自我确证、自由与必然、个人与类之间冲突的真正解决。共产主义是历史之谜的解答，并且知道自己就是这个解答。马克思在《曼尼托巴书》中展现的共产主义愿景，其力量主要来自于他对劳动异化的卓越分析，并且显然是以真正的人类自由生产活动的先入之见为基础的。人与自然的生产性交换实际上被看作是物种的决定性特征："生产性生活是物种的生活“;马克思谨慎地指出，虽然动物也可以说是从事生产，但它”只生产它自己或它的后代立即需要的东西“。
The central unifying theme in theManuscriptsis the alienation of labour under capitalist conditions of private ownership and its transcendence and abolition under communism. The doctrine of total emancipation which, as I have argued, was crucial in enabling Marx to assimilate ‘class’ and the ‘division of labour’ in his work is much more clearly articulated here and eloquently expressed. Communism, Marx argues, is ‘the positive transcendence of all estrangement’; the abolition of private property, communism:is the genuine resolution of the conflict between man and nature — the true resolution of the strife between existence and essence, between objectification and self-confirmation, between freedom and necessity, between the individual and the species. Communism is the riddle of history solved, and knows itself to be this solution.27The vision of communism Marx unfolds in theManuscriptsderives much of its force from his remarkable analysis of the alienation of labour and is clearly underpinned by a preconception of truly human, free productive activity. Man’s productive interchange with nature is in fact taken as the defining characteristic of the species: ‘the productive life is the life of the species’; and Marx is careful to point out that while an animal can also be said to engage in production it ‘only produces what it immediately needs for itself or its young’.