New insight into human sweet taste: a genome-wide association study of the perception and intake of sweet substances
New insight into human sweet taste: a genome-wide association study of the perception and intake of sweet substances
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/nqz043
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Reed, Danielle R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hwang, Liang-Dar;Lin, Cailu;Reed, Danielle R.
背景：人类对甜味感知的个体差异部分是由于遗传；然而，哪些基因与甜味物质的感知和消费有关仍不清楚。目的：本研究的目的是验证先前报道的外周受体系统相关基因（即TAS1R2、TAS1R3和GNAT3）的关联，并揭示新的位点。方法：我们对澳大利亚一对青少年双胞胎样本（n = 1757）的2种糖（葡萄糖和果糖）和2种高效甜味剂（新橘皮苷二氢查尔酮和阿斯巴甜）的感知强度，以及美国一对成年双胞胎样本（n = 686）的感知强度、甜味和对蔗糖的喜爱度进行了全基因组关联扫描（GWASs）。我们进一步对英国生物银行样本（n= 174,424名英国白人）的总糖（即每天所有膳食中单糖和双糖的总克数）和糖果（即每天少量糖果）的摄入量进行了GWASs。来自三个独立样本的所有参与者都是欧洲血统。结果：我们发现总糖的摄入量与16号染色体上FTO基因内的单核苷酸多态性rs11642841之间存在很强的关联（P = 3.8 x 10(-8)），并且在每种甜味感知和摄入表型之间存在许多暗示关联（P < 1.0 x 10(-5)）。我们展示了大脑参与甜味感知和糖摄入的遗传证据。在所有3个欧洲样本中，TAS1R2、TAS1R3和GNAT3的相关性得到有限的支持。结论：我们的研究结果表明，除了参与外周受体系统的基因外，其他基因也与甜味感知和甜味食物的摄入有关。TAS1R2、TAS1R3和GNAT3基因变异的功能效力可能在不同种族之间存在差异，这值得进一步研究。
Background: Individual differences in human perception of sweetness are partly due to genetics; however, which genes are associated with the perception and the consumption of sweet substances remains unclear.Objective: The aim of this study was to verify previous reported associations within genes involved in the peripheral receptor systems (i.e., TAS1R2, TAS1R3, and GNAT3) and reveal novel loci.Methods: We performed genome-wide association scans (GWASs) of the perceived intensity of 2 sugars (glucose and fructose) and 2 high-potency sweeteners (neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and aspartame) in an Australian adolescent twin sample (n = 1757), and the perceived intensity and sweetness and the liking of sucrose in a US adult twin sample (n = 686). We further performed GWASs of the intake of total sugars (i.e., total grams of all dietary mono-and disaccharides per day) and sweets (i. e.,handfuls of candies per day) in the UK Biobank sample (n= 174,424 white-British individuals). All participants from the 3 independent samples were of European ancestry.Results: We found a strong association between the intake of total sugars and the single nucleotide polymorphism rs11642841 within the FTO gene on chromosome 16 (P = 3.8 x 10(-8)) and many suggestive associations (P < 1.0 x 10(-5)) for each of the sweet perception and intake phenotypes. We showed genetic evidence for the involvement of the brain in both sweet taste perception and sugar intake. There was limited support for the associations with TAS1R2, TAS1R3, and GNAT3 in all 3 European samples.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that genes additional to those involved in the peripheral receptor system are also associated with the sweet taste perception and intake of sweet-tasting foods. The functional potency of the genetic variants within TAS1R2, TAS1R3, and GNAT3 may be different between ethnic groups and this warrants further investigations.