Creating fiber-embedded photonic circuitry by liquid-phase structuring of multi-material cores
Creating fiber-embedded photonic circuitry by liquid-phase structuring of multi-material cores
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DOI：
10.1117/12.2644870
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发表时间：
2023-03
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通讯作者：
Camila Faccini de Lima;Troy Leffel;Mengxin Zheng;J. Coulter;A. Gumennik
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作者：
Camila Faccini de Lima;Troy Leffel;Mengxin Zheng;J. Coulter;A. Gumennik
多材料光纤因其独特的纵横比而成为将纳米级结构集成到宏观光子系统中的有前途的平台：光纤芯可以同时达到数公里长和亚微米横截面。我们正在推出超大规模光纤集成（或简称 VLSI-Fi）——在光纤中制造集成光子电路，类似于微电子领域的 VLSI。 VLSI-Fi 首先对 3D 打印预制件进行热拉伸，定义光纤的横截面几何形状，然后使用材料选择性空间相干毛细管分裂将光纤芯轴向图案化为集成器件阵列 1,2 。对器件光子和电子特性的额外控制是通过偏析驱动的掺杂控制来实现的。结果是具有用户定义的 3D 架构的光纤嵌入式集成光子电路，可提供所需的功能。我们认为，如果线粘度的轴对称性被破坏，则粘性线的毛细管破裂（非线性且通常是混乱的）就变得可预测。我们发现，通过将光纤送入点状液化区而引发半导体光纤芯的毛细管破裂，从而产生确定性的光子和光电结构，例如光栅和球形谐振器。作为概念证明，我们演示了将具有一个硅芯和一个钒芯的光纤中的硅芯选择性分解成球形硅谐振器阵列，这些谐振器两侧有一个钒电极，用于对其谐振频率进行电调谐。这种级联谐振器是使用非 CMOS 方法在光纤中实现的光子电路的一个重要示例。
Multi-material fibers are a promising platform for integrating nanoscale structures into macroscale photonic systems due to their unique aspect ratio: fiber cores can be kilometers long and sub-micrometric in their cross-section simultaneously. We are introducing Very Large-Scale Integration for Fibers (or, in short, VLSI-Fi) – manufacturing of integrated photonic circuits in a fiber analogous to VLSI from the microelectronics realm. VLSI-Fi starts with a thermal draw of the 3D printed preform, defining the cross-sectional geometry of the fiber, followed by the axial patterning of the fiber cores into arrays of integrated devices using a material-selective spatially coherent capillary breakup1,2 . Additional control over the photonic and electronic properties of devices is accomplished through segregation-driven control of doping. The result is a fiber-embedded integrated photonic circuit with user-defined 3D architecture providing the desired functionality. We argue that the capillary breakup of a viscous thread, nonlinear and often chaotic, becomes predictable if the axial symmetry of the thread viscosity is broken. We found that the capillary breakup of semiconducting fiber cores initiated by feeding the fiber through a spot-like liquefaction zone results in deterministic photonic and optoelectronic structures, such as gratings and spherical resonators. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate a selective breakup of a silicon core in fiber with one silicon and one vanadium core into an array of spherical silicon resonators, with a vanadium electrode flanking those resonators for electrical tuning of their resonant frequencies. Such cascaded resonators are a nontrivial example of photonic circuitry implemented in fiber using a non-CMOS approach.