Criteria for unconscious cognition: Three types of dissociation
Criteria for unconscious cognition: Three types of dissociation
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03193692
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Vorberg, Dirk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Schmidt, Thomas;Vorberg, Dirk
为了证明无意识的认知，研究人员通常会比较对关键刺激的意识的直接测量（D）和显示刺激被认知处理的间接测量（1）。我们讨论并实证证明了三种类型的解离与不同的外观在D-I图，其中直接和间接的影响是针对彼此绘制在一个共享的效果大小度量。当I具有某个非零值且D处于偶然水平时，D和I之间会发生简单的分离;传统的零意识要求仅对这一标准是必要的。敏感性解离只要求I大于D;当某些实验操作对I和D产生相反的影响时，就会出现双重解离。我们表明，双离解需要更弱的测量假设比其他标准。几种替代方法可以被认为是我们框架的特殊情况。
To demonstrate unconscious cognition, researchers commonly compare a direct measure (D) of awareness for a critical stimulus with an indirect measure (1) showing that the stimulus was cognitively processed at all. We discuss and empirically demonstrate three types of dissociation with distinct appearances in D-I plots, in which direct and indirect effects are plotted against each other in a shared effect size metric. Simple dissociations between D and I occur when I has some nonzero value and D is at chance level; the traditional requirement of zero awareness is necessary for this criterion only. Sensitivity dissociations only require that I be larger than D; double dissociations occur when some experimental manipulation has opposite effects on I and D. We show that double dissociations require much weaker measurement assumptions than do other criteria. Several alternative approaches can be considered special cases of our framework.