Biosynthesis and Intracellular Organization of Magnetosomes in Magnetotactic Bacteria
Biosynthesis and Intracellular Organization of Magnetosomes in Magnetotactic Bacteria
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-60173-7_3
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Schüler;F. Müller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Schüler;F. Müller
趋磁细菌是一种能够在地球磁场中定向的水生微生物。它们从磁小体中获得惊人的能力，磁小体是一种独特的细胞器，用于合成磁性铁矿物的纳米级晶体。这些微生物中的大多数不能在实验室条件下培养，更不用说基因工程了，只有少数例外。然而，两种磁小体属物种已经成为从遗传水平上研究磁小体形成和趋磁性的模式生物，并且在过去的十年中，磁小体生物发生的过程已经被揭示了很多。在本章中，我们总结了这些新的见解，并将磁小体形成的分子机制的背景下，复杂的细胞生物学ofMagnetoplumlumspp。在对磁小体囊泡的合成和生物矿化进行概述之后，我们重点介绍了最近在细胞器的定位和动力学及其生物学意义方面的研究结果，其中强调趋磁囊泡已经进化出复杂的机制来构建、整合和继承完美的导航装置。
Magnetotactic bacteria are ubiquitous aquatic microorganisms capable of orientation within the earth’s magnetic field. They receive their stunning proficiency from magnetosomes, which are unique organelles used to synthesize nanometer-sized crystals of magnetic iron minerals. Most of these microorganisms cannot be cultivated under laboratory conditions, much less genetically engineered with only few exceptions. However, twoMagnetospirillumspecies have emerged as model organisms to study magnetosome formation and magnetotaxis on genetic level, and within the past decade, much has been revealed about the process of magnetosome biogenesis. In this chapter, we summarize these new insights and place the molecular mechanisms of magnetosome formation in the context of the complex cell biology ofMagnetospirillumspp. After giving an overview of magnetosome vesicle synthesis and biomineralization, we focus on recent findings in positioning and dynamics of the organelles and the biological implications of it, which emphasize that magnetotactic spirilla have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to construct, incorporate, and inherit a navigational device perfectly.