The emergence and diversification of a zoonotic pathogen from within the microbiota of intensively farmed pigs.
The emergence and diversification of a zoonotic pathogen from within the microbiota of intensively farmed pigs.
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从集约化养殖的猪的微生物区系中出现的人畜共患病病原体的出现和多样化。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2307773120
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发表时间：
2023-11-21
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Weinert, Lucy A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murray, Gemma G. R.;Hossain, A. S. Md. Mukarram;Miller, Eric L.;Bruchmann, Sebastian;Balmer, Andrew J.;Matuszewska, Marta;Herbert, Josephine;Hadjirin, Nazreen F.;Mugabi, Robert;Li, Ganwu;Ferrando, Maria Laura;de Oliveira, Isabela Maria Fernandes;Nguyen, Thanh;Yen, Phung L. K.;Phuc, Ho D.;Moe, Aung Zaw;Wai, Thiri Su;Gottschalk, Marcelo;Aragon, Virginia;Valentin-Weigando, Peter;Heegaard, Peter M. H.;Vrieling, Manouk;Maw, Min Thein;Myint, Hnin Thidar;Win, Ye Tun;Hoa, Ngo Thi;Bentley, Stephen D.;Clavijo, Maria J.;Wells, Jerry M.;Tucker, Alexander W.;Weinert, Lucy A.
人们越来越担心，畜牧业生产的快速增长和耕作方式的重大变化正在推动能够在牲畜和人类中引起疾病的病原体的出现。然而，大多数研究忽视了牲畜微生物区系作为新出现病原体的潜在来源。在这里，我们展示了活体动物的全球运输如何促进了一种重要的牲畜和人类人畜共患病病原体从猪呼吸道微生物区系的一个常见成员中出现。我们的结果表明，致病谱系可能会继续出现并多样化，并推荐控制这种情况的方法。预计畜牧业生产的扩大和集约化将促进病原体的出现。由于病原体有时会在不同物种之间传播，这可能会影响人类和牲畜的健康。在这里，我们通过分析猪链球菌来研究牲畜微生物区系如何作为这些新出现的病原体的来源。猪链球菌是猪呼吸道微生物区系中普遍存在的成分，也是养猪场疾病的主要原因和重要的人畜共患病病原体。结合分子测年、系统地理学和比较基因组学分析，我们发现猪链球菌在19世纪和20世纪的早期养猪业中出现了几个致病谱系。自那以后，这些血统在国家和大陆之间传播，反映了生猪的贸易。它们的不同之处在于存在三个基因组岛，推测它们在新陈代谢和细胞黏附中发挥作用，并且基因组大小正在缩小，这可能反映了它们最近向更具致病性的生态的转变。对这些岛屿进化历史的重建揭示了对病原体出现的限制，这可能会为控制策略提供依据，病原体谱系始终来自猪链球菌的一个亚群，并通过从其他病原谱系的水平转移获得基因。这些结果揭示了微生物区系迅速进化以利用其宿主种群变化的能力，并表明耕作变化对猪链球菌致病性和人畜共患病潜力的影响尚未完全实现。
There is growing concern that rapid growth in livestock production and major changes in farming practices are driving the emergence of pathogens capable of causing disease in both livestock and humans. However, most studies neglect livestock microbiota as a potential source of emerging pathogens. Here, we show how the global transport of live animals has facilitated the emergence of an important livestock and human zoonotic pathogen from a common member of the pig respiratory microbiota. Our results indicate that pathogenic lineages are likely to continue to emerge and diversify and recommend ways of controlling this. The expansion and intensification of livestock production is predicted to promote the emergence of pathogens. As pathogens sometimes jump between species, this can affect the health of humans as well as livestock. Here, we investigate how livestock microbiota can act as a source of these emerging pathogens through analysis of Streptococcus suis, a ubiquitous component of the respiratory microbiota of pigs that is also a major cause of disease on pig farms and an important zoonotic pathogen. Combining molecular dating, phylogeography, and comparative genomic analyses of a large collection of isolates, we find that several pathogenic lineages of S. suis emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries, during an early period of growth in pig farming. These lineages have since spread between countries and continents, mirroring trade in live pigs. They are distinguished by the presence of three genomic islands with putative roles in metabolism and cell adhesion, and an ongoing reduction in genome size, which may reflect their recent shift to a more pathogenic ecology. Reconstructions of the evolutionary histories of these islands reveal constraints on pathogen emergence that could inform control strategies, with pathogenic lineages consistently emerging from one subpopulation of S. suis and acquiring genes through horizontal transfer from other pathogenic lineages. These results shed light on the capacity of the microbiota to rapidly evolve to exploit changes in their host population and suggest that the impact of changes in farming on the pathogenicity and zoonotic potential of S. suis is yet to be fully realized.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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