1,4-Dioxane drinking water occurrence data from the third unregulated contaminant monitoring rule
1,4-Dioxane drinking water occurrence data from the third unregulated contaminant monitoring rule
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.085
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发表时间：
2017-10-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Connor, John A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adamson, David T.;Pina, Elizabeth A.;Connor, John A.
本研究分析了从U. S.在公共饮用水供应方面，支持最近完成的第三轮非管制污染物监测规则（UCMR 3），以更好地了解1，4-二氧六环的性质和发生情况以及制定饮用水标准的基础。其目的是评估这种新出现但不受联邦管制的污染物的发生数据是否符合常见的概念模型，包括其持久性和地下水污染对潜在暴露的重要性。在4864个PWS的21%的样本中检测到1，4-二氧六环，其中6.9%的系统超出基于健康的参考浓度（0.35 μ g/L）。在这两项措施中，它在28种UCMR 3污染物中排名第二。尽管1，4-二氧六环的主要关注点是其作为地下水污染物的作用，但地表水中1，4-二氧六环的检出频率仅略低于地下水（系数为1.25; p < 0.0001）。然而，地下水的浓度高于地表水（p < 0.0001），导致超过参考浓度的频率更高（系数为1.8，p < 0.0001），表明地表水源往往更稀。相对于小型系统，从大型系统中采样使检测到1，4-二氧六环的可能性增加了2.18倍（p < 0.0001）。饮用水中1，4-二氧杂环己烷的检出与其他氯化化合物的检出高度相关，特别是1，1-三氯乙烷（比值比=47; p < 0.0001），这与作为氯化溶剂稳定剂的1，4-二氧杂环己烷的释放有关。根据全国范围的汇总数据，有证据表明，1，4-二氧六环的浓度和检测频率随着时间的推移呈下降趋势。这些数据表明，饮用水供应的负荷可能正在减少。然而，在此期间，一些供水系统可能需要考虑提高其处理能力，以应对对该化合物的进一步监管审查。(C)2017爱思唯尔B. V.保留所有权利。
This study examined data collected fromU. S. public drinkingwater supplies in support of the recently-completed third round of the Unregulated ContaminantMonitoring Rule (UCMR3) to better understand the nature and occurrence of 1,4-dioxane and the basis for establishing drinking water standards. The purpose was to evaluate whether the occurrence data for this emerging but federally-unregulated contaminant fit with common conceptual models, including its persistence and the importance of groundwater contamination for potential exposure. 1,4-Dioxane was detected in samples from 21% of 4864 PWSs, and was in exceedance of the health-based reference concentration (0.35 mu g/L) at 6.9% of these systems. In bothmeasures, it ranked secondamong the 28 UCMR3 contaminants. Although much of the focus on 1,4-dioxane has been its role as a groundwater contaminant, the detection frequency for 1,4-dioxane in surface water was only marginally lower than in groundwater (by a factor of 1.25; p < 0.0001). However, groundwater concentrations were higher than those in surface water (p < 0.0001) and contributed to a higher frequency of exceeding the reference concentration (by a factor of 1.8, p < 0.0001), indicating that surface water sources tend to be more dilute. Sampling from large systems increased the likelihood that 1,4-dioxane was detected by a factor of 2.18 times relative to small systems (p < 0.0001). 1,4-Dioxane detections in drinking water were highly associated with detections of other chlorinated compounds particularly 1,1-dichlorethane (odds ratio=47; p < 0.0001), which is associated with the release of 1,4-dioxane as a chlorinated solvent stabilizer. Based on aggregated nationwide data, 1,4-dioxane showed evidence of a decreasing trend in concentration and detection frequency over time. These data suggest that the loading to drinking water supplies may be decreasing. However, in the interim, some water supply systems may need to consider improving their treatment capabilities in response to further regulatory review of this compound. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.