Chronic Alcohol Consumption, Abstinence and Relapse: Brain Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies in Animals and Humans
Chronic Alcohol Consumption, Abstinence and Relapse: Brain Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies in Animals and Humans
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DOI：
10.1007/7854_2011_131
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ende, Gabriele
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Meyerhoff, Dieter J.;Durazzo, Timothy C.;Ende, Gabriele
本章总结了关于长期和过量饮酒对动物和人类大脑影响的质子磁共振波谱 (H-1 MRS) 研究的同行评审文献。在简要总结酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 的神经病理学之后，我们描述了通过体内 H-1 MRS 测量的主要脑代谢物。然后，我们重点关注已发表的酒精依赖动物模型和寻求 AUD 治疗的人类的 MRS 研究。我们还总结了针对大部分未接受治疗的 AUD 患者的 MRS 研究，以及相对于寻求治疗者的相似点和差异。非常明显的是，AUD 患者的病前和/或共病疾病/状况，尤其是慢性吸烟，导致 AUD 神经生物学和神经认知异常的模式和程度存在相当大的变异性。因此，我们还回顾了长期饮酒和吸烟对 AUD 的综合影响的神经生物学后果的研究。最后，由于 AUD 的特点是在一生中慢性复发/缓解病程，并且识别复发风险最大的人非常重要，因此我们回顾了有助于预测 AUD 复发的脑光谱测量的 H-1 MRS 研究。最后，我们对关于脑酒精影响的 MRS 研究文献、动物和人类研究在理解疾病中的作用进行了总体评估，并讨论了对队列进行广泛综合 MRS 研究的必要性，其中包括患有反映 AUD 一般人群的合并症的个体。
This chapter summarizes the peer-reviewed literature of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1 MRS) studies on the effects of chronic and excessive alcohol consumption in both the animal and human brain. After a brief summary of the neuropathology of alcohol use disorders (AUD), we describe the primary brain metabolites measured by in vivo H-1 MRS. We then focus on published MRS studies of animal models of alcohol dependence and of treatment-seeking humans with AUD. We also summarize the scant MRS research on the much larger fraction of treatment-naive individuals with AUD and the similarities and discrepancies relative to treatment-seekers. It is exceedingly apparent that premorbid and/or comorbid disorders/conditions, especially chronic smoking, among individuals with AUD contribute to the considerable variability in the pattern and magnitude of neurobiological and neurocognitive abnormalities in AUD. Therefore, we also review studies on the neurobiological consequences of the combined effects of chronic drinking and smoking in AUD. Finally, as AUD is characterized by a chronically relapsing/remitting course over lifetime and identification of those at greatest risk for relapse is important, we review H-1 MRS studies on brain spectroscopic measures that contribute to the prediction of relapse in AUD. We conclude with an overall assessment of the MRS research literature on brain alcohol effects, the role of animal and human studies in understanding the disease, and discuss the need of widely integrative MRS studies of cohorts that include individuals with comorbidies that are reflective of the general population with AUD.