Historical Disaster Exposure and Household Preparedness Across the United States
Historical Disaster Exposure and Household Preparedness Across the United States
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美国各地的历史灾害暴露和家庭准备情况
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
N. P. Malmin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. P. Malmin
摘要目标：这项研究确定了受灾社区的家庭是否更有可能做好准备。方法：使用2013年美国住房调查创建了三种准备措施：累积，充分和最小准备。根据现有文献建立了累积和充分的准备。最低限度的准备衡量的是家庭目前是否有食物、水、车辆和撤离资金。灾难暴露是使用历史FEMA灾难声明来衡量的。各种备灾措施回归到历史灾害风险，控制社会人口因素。结果：在所有准备措施中，历史灾害暴露是准备的统计学显著预测因素。弱势家庭包括有儿童或残疾人的家庭。只有在评估了最低限度的准备情况时，非洲裔美国人为户主的家庭才成为脆弱家庭。结论：无论准备如何定义，先前的灾害暴露增加了家庭准备。然而，评估最低限度的准备可能更好地反映不断变化的灾害景观，越来越多的家庭被政策制定者要求撤离或就地避难。
ABSTRACT Objectives: The study determined whether households in disaster-exposed communities were more likely to be prepared. Methods: Three measures of preparedness were created using the 2013 American Housing Survey: cumulative, adequate, and minimal preparedness. Cumulative and adequate preparedness were created based on the existing literature. Minimal preparedness measured whether households had at present food, water, access to a vehicle, and funds with which to evacuate. Disaster exposure was measured using historical FEMA disaster declarations. The various preparedness measures were regressed onto historical disaster exposure, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Results: Across all measures of preparedness, historical disaster exposure was a statistically significant predictor of preparedness. Vulnerable households included those where children or the disabled were present. African-American headed households emerged as vulnerable only when minimal preparedness was assessed. Conclusions: Prior disaster exposure increased household preparedness regardless of how preparedness was defined. However, assessing minimal preparedness may better reflect the changing disaster landscape where more and more households are asked to evacuate or shelter-in-place by policy-makers.