Community-wide impacts of early season herbivory on flower visitors on tall goldenrod
Community-wide impacts of early season herbivory on flower visitors on tall goldenrod
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DOI：
10.1111/een.12372
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Ohgushi, Takayuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ikemoto, Mito;Ida, Takashi Y.;Ohgushi, Takayuki
1.访花者群落不仅包括传粉者，还包括非传粉者，如食花动物、小偷和攻击访花者的捕食者。虽然有越来越多的证据表明，早季节叶食草动物影响传粉者访问通过改变花的性状，很少有研究探讨叶食草动物对花的游客的社区结构的间接影响。我们研究了早季食叶动物如何影响晚季建立的访花者群落。利用日本一枝黄花（Solidagoaltissima）的一种主要食草性害虫--花纹瓢虫（Corythuchamarmorata）进行接种试验.花的丰富度显着下降时，受到损害的瓢虫。传粉者、食花动物和小偷的数量与花的丰富度呈正相关，而捕食者则不相关。在响应花的丰富，食花动物减少受损的植物。另一方面，小偷增加了受损的植物，和传粉者和捕食者没有不同的损坏和未损坏的植物。当花的丰富度的影响被排除在外，叶食草动物仍然影响食花动物负和小偷积极。这意味着除了花的丰富度之外，其他因素可能也影响了食花动物和小偷的数量。受损植物上的花访客的群落组成显着不同，从未受损的植物，虽然整体丰度，分类丰富度和分类均匀度不受叶草食动物在赛季初。重要的是要认识到，只有评估物种多样性和总体丰度可能无法检测到显着的后果，早期草食动物的花游客社区。
1. The flower visitor community consists not only of pollinators but also of non-pollinators, such as florivores, thieves and predators that attack flower visitors. Although there is increasing evidence that early-season foliar herbivory influences pollinator visitation through changes in floral traits, few studies have explored indirect effects of foliar herbivory on community structure of the flower visitors. We examined how early-season foliar herbivory influences the flower visitor community established in late season.2. We conducted an inoculation experiment using a lacebug (Corythucha marmorata), which is a predominantly herbivorous insect attacking leaves of tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima) in Japan.3. Flower abundance significantly decreased when damaged by the lacebug. The numbers of pollinators, florivores and thieves were positively correlated with flower abundance, whereas predators were not. In response to flower abundance, florivores decreased on damaged plants. On the other hand, thieves increased on damaged plants, and pollinators and predators did not differ between damaged and undamaged plants.4. When effects of flower abundance were excluded, foliar herbivory still influenced florivores negatively and thieves positively. This implies that factors besides flower abundance may have affected the numbers of florivores and thieves.5. Community composition of flower visitors on damaged plants significantly differed from undamaged plants, although overall abundance, taxonomic richness and taxonomic evenness were unaffected by foliar herbivory in the early season. It is important to recognise that only evaluating species diversity and overall abundance may fail to detect the significant consequence of early-season herbivory on the flower visitor community.