The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History
The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History
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全球奴隶制历史帕尔格雷夫手册
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-031-13260-5_33
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rossi B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rossi B
20世纪上半叶，多种形式的强迫劳动在西非很常见。本章重点讨论其中的两个：一个是以内陆奴隶制为基础，植根于漫长的区域历史。另一种是殖民地强迫劳动，是外源性的，由欧洲殖民主义者在19世纪中叶至20世纪初引入。在本章重点关注的今天尼日尔共和国的塔瓦地区，这两种形式的强迫劳动并存。1905年，法国在其最近获得的非洲领土上废除了原住民奴隶制，同时引入了强制劳动制度，以建设和维护殖民地基础设施。尽管法国在法律的上废除了奴隶制，但土著奴隶制并没有消亡，而是开始受到那些曾经被奴役的人更有效的质疑和抵制。那些以前被当地奴隶主奴役的人及其后代也是第一批被强迫招募到殖民地工地上从事建筑工作的人。这两种强制劳动制度，有着不同的意识形态渊源，在整个世纪交织在一起，经历了重大的变化。他们的遗产继续影响着劳动关系和个人依赖的形式，直到今天。
Multiple forms of labor coercion were common in West Africa in the first half of the twentieth century. This chapter focuses on two of them: one, based on interior slavery, was rooted in the longue durée of regional history. The other, colonial forced labor, was exogenous and introduced by European colonialists between the mid-nineteenth and the early twentieth century. In Tahoua, the region of today’s Republic of Niger that this chapter focuses on, these two forms of coerced labor co-existed. In 1905 France abolished indigenous slavery in its recently acquired African territories and concurrently introduced a regime of compulsory labor for the building and maintenance of colonial infrastructure. In spite of French legal abolition, indigenous slavery did not die out, but started being contested and resisted more effectively by those who had been enslaved. Those formerly enslaved to local slaveowners and their descendants were also the first to be forcibly recruited to carry out construction work on colonial worksites. These two regimes of coerced labor, with different ideological origins, became intertwined and underwent substantial changes throughout the twentieth century. Their legacies have continued influencing labor relations and forms of personal dependence into the present day.