Role of Cellular Magnesium in Human Diseases.
Role of Cellular Magnesium in Human Diseases.
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发表时间：
2014-11
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通讯作者：
Samantha Long;A. Romani
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作者：
Samantha Long;A. Romani
镁是许多主要器官发挥功能所必需的，在人类和哺乳动物的生理中起着至关重要的作用。镁对骨骼和牙齿的结构是必不可少的，是体内300多种酶的辅因子，包括与ATP结合进行激酶反应，并影响可兴奋膜的通透性和神经肌肉传递。尽管有这些重要的作用，但镁的生理和动态平衡仍有许多未知之处。目前，营养学家认为，普通人群每天通过饮食摄入的镁不足。镁缺乏的影响在很大程度上是未被发现的，而且对镁摄入量的简单、广泛的评估对人类来说仍然不可用。许多住进医院或医疗机构的患者并不知道他们的镁水平很低。此外，由于镁主要是细胞内的阳离子(>；99%)，血清镁水平仍然不能很好地预测组织镁的含量和有效性。这篇综述将讨论镁缺乏在影响人类人口的各种病理中的作用。主要生理系统中镁耗竭的潜在原因以及涉及的信号通路和镁稳态的主要作用将被研究。在可能的情况下(例如酒精中毒)，将讨论补充镁的影响。最后，这篇综述将提倡有必要找出简单和可重复的方法来评估血清和细胞镁水平，并识别镁缺乏，以减轻相关的病理情况。
Magnesium is required for many of the major organs to function and plays a crucial role in human and mammalian physiology. Magnesium is essential for the structure of bones and teeth, acts as a cofactor for more than 300 enzymes in the body, including binding to ATP for kinase reactions, and affects permeability of excitable membranes and neuromuscular transmission. Despite these essential roles, much is still unknown about magnesium physiology and homeostasis. Currently, nutritionists believe that the general population intakes insufficient magnesium daily through the diet. The effects of magnesium deficiency are, for the most part undetected, and simple, widespread assessments of magnesium intake remain unavailable for humans. Many of the patients admitted to hospitals or medical care facilities are unaware of their low magnesium levels. Moreover, because magnesium is predominantly an intracellular cation (>99%), serum magnesium levels remain a poor predictor of tissue magnesium content and availability. This review will discuss the effects of magnesium deficiency in various pathologies affecting the human population. The underlying causes for magnesium depletion in major physiological systems will be examined along with the involved signaling pathways and the main roles of magnesium homeostasis. Where possible (e.g. alcoholism), the implications of administering supplemental magnesium will be discussed. Ultimately, this review will advocate for the necessity of identifying easy and reproducible methods to assess serum and cellular magnesium levels and to identify magnesium deficiency in order to alleviate related pathological conditions.