Morphology, diet, and stable carbon isotopes: On the diet of Theropithecus and some limits of uniformitarianism in paleoecology.
Morphology, diet, and stable carbon isotopes: On the diet of Theropithecus and some limits of uniformitarianism in paleoecology.
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形态学、饮食和稳定碳同位素：论兽猿的饮食和古生态学中均变论的一些限制。
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.23414
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Antoine Souron
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Antoine Souron
长期以来，蜥蜴一直被认为是唯一活着的灵长类动物，几乎完全以禾本科动物为食，因此表现出戏剧性的牙齿和手动适应特征。最近对第一只生活在相对不受干扰的栖息地的狮身人猿进行的研究显示，它的饮食更加多样化，也包含了大量的杂草。早在3.7 Ma时，已灭绝的原始人也观察到了克拉达特有的适应特征。东非已灭绝的猩猩的稳定碳同位素数据表明，年龄大于3 Ma的样本消耗了相当大比例的C3植物(平均约占总摄食量的40%)，而年龄小于2 Ma的样本消耗了更多的C4植物(平均约80%)。最近的古植物学证据表明，C3草本植物在上更新世低地热带生态系统中仍占有不可忽视的比例。综上所述，现存和灭绝的原始人共有的形态适应特征和现存的原始人不同的食性表明，原始人的古食性可能以草本植物为主，包括C3杂草和禾本科植物以及C4禾本科植物。稳定碳同位素的变化可能对应于草本层中的C4植物取代了C3植物，而不是从C3木本植被向C4禾本科植物的转变。这一综合突出了对现存物种生态的更详尽了解的必要性，以实现有意义的古饮食和古环境重建。在解释已灭绝的非洲哺乳动物(特别是原始人)的稳定碳同位素时，还应考虑对景观中稀有的食物资源(如T.glada)的高度选择性。
Geladas were long supposed to be the only living primates feeding almost entirely on graminoids and accordingly display dramatic dental and manual adaptive traits. A recent study of Theropithecus gelada, the first in a relatively undisturbed habitat, revealed a more diverse diet, also incorporating large quantities of forbs. The peculiar adaptive traits of T. gelada are also observed in extinct Theropithecus as early as 3.7 Ma. Stable carbon isotopic data of extinct Theropithecus from eastern Africa indicate that specimens older than 3 Ma consumed a significant proportion of C3 plants (on average ca. 40% of total food intake) whereas specimens younger than 2 Ma consumed more C4 plants (on average ca. 80%). Recent paleobotanical evidence suggests that C3 herbaceous plants were still present in non-negligible proportions in Plio-Pleistocene lowland tropical ecosystems. Together, the shared morphological adaptive traits of extant and extinct Theropithecus and the varied diets of extant T. gelada suggest that the paleodiets of Theropithecus may have been dominated by herbaceous plants, comprising both C3 forbs and graminoids and C4 graminoids. The changes in stable carbon isotopes could correspond to a replacement of C3 plants by C4 plants within the herbaceous strata rather than a shift from C3 woody vegetation to C4 graminoids. This synthesis highlights the need for a more exhaustive knowledge of the ecology of extant species to achieve meaningful paleodietary and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. A strong selectivity for food resources that are rare in the landscapes (as in T. gelada) should also be considered when interpreting stable carbon isotopes of extinct African mammals (and notably hominids).
坦桑尼亚奥杜瓦伊峡谷 DK 地区的植被景观
DOI：
10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.02.022
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Albert;Bamford;Stanistreet;Stollhofen;Rivera-Rondón;Rodríguez-Cintas
通讯作者：
Rodríguez-Cintas