Glia-neuron interactions in neurological diseases: Testing non-cell autonomy in a dish.
Glia-neuron interactions in neurological diseases: Testing non-cell autonomy in a dish.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.051
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Kaspar BK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meyer K;Kaspar BK
在过去的世纪里，对神经系统疾病的研究主要集中在最受影响的细胞类型-神经元。然而，随着对神经胶质细胞的多种生理功能的认识的增加，它们对这些疾病的影响变得更加明显。因此，许多条件似乎有更复杂的起源比最初认为的。由于神经病理学通常是散发性的，病因不明，动物模型很难建立，可能只反映了一小部分患者的基因突变已被确定。因此，迫切需要可靠的体外系统来研究这些疾病。它们可能是提高我们对疾病机制的理解以及开发潜在新疗法的先决条件。在这篇综述中，我们将简要总结不同类型的神经胶质细胞在健康的中枢神经系统（CNS）的功能，并概述其在神经系统疾病的发展或进展中的意义。然后，我们将描述不同类型的培养系统来模拟体外非细胞自主相互作用，并评估其优点和缺点。
For the past century, research on neurological disorders has largely focused on the most prominently affected cell types – the neurons. However, with increasing knowledge of the diverse physiological functions of glial cells, their impact on these diseases has become more evident. Thus, many conditions appear to have more complex origins than initially thought. Since neurological pathologies are often sporadic with unknown etiology, animal models are difficult to create and might only reflect a small portion of patients in which a mutation in a gene has been identified. Therefore, reliable in vitro systems to studying these disorders are urgently needed. They might be a pre-requisite for improving our understanding of the disease mechanisms as well as for the development of potential new therapies. In this review, we will briefly summarize the function of different glial cell types in the healthy central nervous system (CNS) and outline their implication in the development or progression of neurological conditions. We will then describe different types of culture systems to model non-cell autonomous interactions in vitro and evaluate advantages and disadvantages.