EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS IN LIFE-HISTORIES OF OXYURIDA
EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS IN LIFE-HISTORIES OF OXYURIDA
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/0020-7519(94)90189-9
复制
发表时间：
1994-12-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
ADAMSON, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ADAMSON, M
Oxyurida由大约850种已知物种组成，它们出现在节肢动物和脊椎动物的肠道中(环节动物中有一种)。重要的节肢动物宿主包括双足类、Blattodea、灰足总科、雀科、金龟科和水蝇科。主要的脊椎动物宿主是蜥蜴、乌龟、灵长类、啮齿动物和泻形动物。该种群的一个基本特征是单倍体繁殖，与许多单倍体种群一样，滨虫的生活史往往涉及高水平的近亲繁殖。与圆线虫、蛔虫和螺旋虫不同的是，它们在组织部位、生活史和宿主上都是多样化的，而蛔虫在这些特征上几乎没有变化，并且只在宿主群之间辐射。对此提出了两种解释。单倍体及其伴随的近亲繁殖可能起到引导进化变化的作用，尽管膜翅目等不同群体掩盖了这一点。或者，Strongylida、Ascaridida和Spirurida被推定为起源于穿透皮肤的祖先，这些祖先在到达其原始组织部位--肠道之前，被迫经历了组织迁移。这种迁移要求它们适应不同的组织部位，从而作为进一步多样化的预适应。相比之下，Oxyurida可能是通过口服污染传播而来的。因此，由于缺乏对其他组织部位的暴露，蛔虫可能已经降级到了它们在后肠中的位置。
The Oxyurida comprises some 850 known species that occur in the intestine of arthropods and vertebrates (one species in annelids). Important arthropod hosts include Diplopoda, Blattodea, Gryllotalpoidea, Passalidae, Scarabaeida and Hydrophilidae. The major vertebrate hosts are lizards, tortoises, primates, rodents and lagomorphs. An underlying characteristic of the group is haplodiploid reproduction and like many haplodiploid groups, pinworms tend to have life histories that involve high levels of inbreeding. Unlike Strongylida, Ascaridida and Spirurida, which have diversified in tissue site and life cycle as well as hosts, pinworms show little variation in these features and have radiated only across host groups. Two explanations are advanced for this. Haplodiploidy and its concomitant inbreeding may act to canalise evolutionary change, although diverse groups such as the Hymenoptera belie this. Alternatively, Strongylida, Ascaridida and Spirurida are presumed to have arisen from skin-penetrating ancestors that were forced to undergo a tissue migration before reaching their primitive tissue site, the gut. This migration demanded they adapt to a variety of tissue sites and thus acted as a preadaptation to further diversification. The Oxyurida, in contrast, probably arose using oral contaminative transmission. The lack of exposure to other tissue sites may therefore have relegated pinworms to their position in the posterior gut.