Beech leaf disease: An emerging forest epidemic
Beech leaf disease: An emerging forest epidemic
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DOI：
10.1111/efp.12488
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Bonello, Pierluigi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ewing, Carrie J.;Hausman, Constance E.;Bonello, Pierluigi
山毛榉叶病（BLD）是一种目前尚未确诊且看似致命的疾病，于2012年在美国俄亥俄州东北部的美国山毛榉（Fagus grande folia）上发现。自发现以来，BLD迅速传播，现在可以在俄亥俄州的10个县，宾夕法尼亚州的8个县和加拿大安大略省的5个县的森林中发现。该疾病的最初症状表现为树冠下部叶片上的深绿色脉间带状图案。这些初始症状通常发生在山毛榉林的灌木或取样层。后一种症状导致叶片变暗、萎缩和起皱。随着受影响的芽最终流产，没有新叶产生，症状似乎通过芽进展。我们担心，这种疾病本身或通过潜在的复合疾病影响，有可能极大地改变美国东部落叶林。此外，BLD对全球森林构成威胁，因为在俄亥俄州东北部苗圃的欧洲（F.sylvatica）和东方（F.orientalis）山毛榉物种中发现了该疾病的症状。由于其迅速传播和环境条件的变化，BLD似乎不太可能是一种非生物疾病。因此，人们正在努力确定BLD的病因。建议相关利益攸关方警惕北半球山毛榉林中的BLD症状，并应投入大量资源来了解这种新出现的森林疾病。
Beech leaf disease (BLD) is a currently undiagnosed and seemingly lethal disease that was discovered in 2012 on American beech trees (Fagus grandifolia) in north-east Ohio in the United States. Since its discovery, BLD has spread rapidly and can now be found in forests in 10 counties in Ohio, eight counties in Pennsylvania and five counties in Ontario, Canada. The initial symptoms of the disease appear as a dark green, interveinal banding pattern on the lower canopy foliage. These initial symptoms typically occur in the shrub or sampling layer of a beech stand. The later symptoms result in solidly darkened leaves that are shrunken and crinkled. The symptoms appear to progress through the buds as the affected buds are eventually aborted and no new leaves are produced. We fear this disease has the potential to drastically alter the Eastern deciduous forests of the United States on its own and through potential compounding disease effects. In addition, BLD poses a threat to global forests as symptoms of the disease were detected on European (F.sylvatica) and Oriental (F.orientalis) beech species in nurseries in north-eastern Ohio. Due to its rapid spread and variability in environmental conditions where it has been detected, it seems unlikely that BLD is an abiotic disorder. Thus, intense efforts are underway to determine the causal agent of BLD. Relevant stakeholders are advised to be alert for BLD symptoms in beech forests in the Northern Hemisphere, and substantial resources should be invested in understanding this emerging forest disease.