A model based framework for semantic interpretation of architectural construction drawings
A model based framework for semantic interpretation of architectural construction drawings
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基于模型的建筑施工图语义解释框架
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
Olubi Oluyomi Babalola
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作者：
C. Eastman;Olubi Oluyomi Babalola
研究了建筑图纸从二维计算机辅助绘图(CAD)数据到建筑信息模型(BIM)的自动转换，重点讨论了绘图语言知识表示(KR)在问题和过程中的性质、可能的作用和局限性。其核心思想是，CAD到BIM的转换是一个复杂的图解问题，需要领域(绘图语言)KR来使其易于处理，并且这样的KR可以采取信息模型的形式。
近25年来，绘画作为语言的正式概念已经被提出并进行了相当广泛的研究。这种类比隐含地鼓励了两个领域的问题结构之间的比较，揭示了重要的相似之处，并为更成熟的自然语言理解(NLU)领域提供了指导。我们从NLU中获得的主要见解涉及正式语言描述在指导解释过程(推理)中所起的核心作用，以及明显缺乏可比的建筑制图规范。
我们采用了恩格尔哈德方法的修改版本，该方法用符号集、关系集和组成它们的一组组成框架来表达绘画结构。我们进一步定义了一种建立这种KR的特征的方法，借鉴了图解推理系统概念框架的相关工作。我们通过观察人类受试者进行一些起草解释练习来加强这一点，并从中得出一些对其推论性质的理解。我们认为，这表明了计算起草模型理想地应该支持的潜在过程范围。
KR被实现为使用EXPRESS语言的信息模型，因为它是公共领域的，并且是目标行业基础类(IFC)模型的实现语言。我们广泛借鉴了IFC库，以证明它可以以这种方式应用，并应用MVD方法来定义DOM和IFC的范围和接口。这大大简化了IFC转换过程，并最大限度地减少了映射需求。
我们在选择性实现的基础上得出结论，反映我们定义的原则和特征的模型确实可以在起草、解释和涉及使用这类图示进行推理的其他问题时提供所需的和否则不可用的支持。
The study addresses the automated translation of architectural drawings from 2D Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) data into a Building Information Model (BIM), with emphasis on the nature, possible role, and limitations of a drafting language Knowledge Representation (KR) on the problem and process. The central idea is that CAD to BIM translation is a complex diagrammatic interpretation problem requiring a domain (drafting language) KR to render it tractable and that such a KR can take the form of an information model.
Formal notions of drawing-as-language have been advanced and studied quite extensively for close to 25 years. The analogy implicitly encourages comparison between problem structures in both domains, revealing important similarities and offering guidance from the more mature field of Natural Language Understanding (NLU). The primary insight we derive from NLU involves the central role that a formal language description plays in guiding the process of interpretation (inferential reasoning), and the notable absence of a comparable specification for architectural drafting.
We adopt a modified version of Engelhard’s approach which expresses drawing structure in terms of a symbol set, a set of relationships, and a set of compositional frameworks in which they are composed. We further define an approach for establishing the features of this KR, drawing upon related work on conceptual frameworks for diagrammatic reasoning systems. We augment this with observation of human subjects performing a number of drafting interpretation exercises and derive some understanding of its inferential nature therefrom. We consider this indicative of the potential range of processes a computational drafting model should ideally support.
The KR is implemented as an information model using the EXPRESS language because it is in the public domain and is the implementation language of the target Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) model. We draw extensively from the IFC library to demonstrate that it can be applied in this manner, and apply the MVD methodology in defining the scope and interface of the DOM and IFC. This simplifies the IFC translation process significantly and minimizes the need for mapping.
We conclude on the basis of selective implementations that a model reflecting the principles and features we define can indeed provide needed and otherwise unavailable support in drafting interpretation and other problems involving reasoning with this class of diagrammatic representations.