Development of the spatial contrast sensitivity function (CSF) during childhood: Analysis of previous findings and new psychophysical data.
Development of the spatial contrast sensitivity function (CSF) during childhood: Analysis of previous findings and new psychophysical data.
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DOI：
10.1167/jov.20.13.4
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发表时间：
2020-12-02
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Jones PR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dekker TM;Farahbakhsh M;Atkinson J;Braddick OJ;Jones PR
尽管对比敏感度功能 (CSF) 在婴儿期发生显着变化，但对于其在儿童后期是否、如何以及为何继续发展尚未达成共识。在这里，我们分析了之前发表的数据（N = 1928 CSF），并提出了来自 98 名儿童（4.7-14.8 岁）和 50 名成人（18.1-29.7 岁）的新心理物理学发现，以回答以下问题：（1）CSF 在儿童时期是否发生变化？ （2）发展效应大小有多大？ (3) 整个 CSF 的变化是否一致，或者是否有特定频率的变化？ (4) 部分或全部变化是否可以用“非视觉”（即程序/认知）因素来解释，例如无聊或注意力不集中？新数据是使用四种替代强制选择 (4AFC) Gabor 检测任务收集的，采用两种不同的心理物理学程序（加权阶梯；QUEST+）和超阈值（假阴性）捕捉试验来量化失败率。研究表明，从 4 岁到 18 岁，脑脊液改善（以指数衰减率）约 0.3 log10 单位（对比敏感度 [CS] 加倍），其中 90% 的变化在 12 岁时完成。相对于个体差异，影响的大小很小，仅年龄就解释了不到六分之一的差异（16％），并且大多数儿童的表现与一些成年人一样（即落在成人的 90％ 人口限制内）。发育具有频率特异性，变化主要发生在 CSF 峰值附近或以下（≤ 4 cpd）。尽管讨论了可能的生物学机制，但观察到的至少一半（甚至可能全部）变化可以通过非视觉因素（例如注意力不集中）来解释。
Although the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) changes markedly during infancy, there is no consensus regarding whether, how, and why it continues to develop in later childhood. Here, we analyzed previously published data (N = 1928 CSFs), and present new psychophysical findings from 98 children (4.7–14.8 years) and 50 adults (18.1–29.7 years), in order to answer the following questions: (1) Does the CSF change during childhood? (2) How large is the developmental effect size? (3) Are any changes uniform across the CSF, or frequency-specific? and (4) Can some or all of the changes be explained by “non-visual” (i.e. procedural/cognitive) factors, such as boredom or inattentiveness? The new data were collected using a four-alternative forced-choice (4AFC) Gabor-detection task, with two different psychophysical procedures (Weighted Staircase; QUEST+), and suprathreshold (false-negative) catch trials to quantify lapse rates. It is shown that from ages 4 to 18 years, the CSF improves (at an exponentially decaying rate) by approximately 0.3 log10 units (a doubling of contrast sensitivity [CS]), with 90% of this change complete by 12 years of age. The size of the effect was small relative to individual variability, with age alone explaining less than one sixth of variability (16%), and most children performing as well as some adults (i.e. falling within the 90% population limits for adults). Development was frequency-specific, with changes occurring primarily around or below the CSF peak (≤ 4 cpd). At least half — and potentially all — of the changes observed could be explained by non-visual factors (e.g. lapses in concentration), although possible biological mechanisms are discussed.
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影响因子：
1.8
作者：
DEVALOIS, KK
通讯作者：
DEVALOIS, KK
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
ATKINSON, J;BRADDICK, O;MOAR, K
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作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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