“Quantum” molecular dynamics—a dynamical microscopic n-body approach to investigate fragment formation and the nuclear equation of state in heavy ion collisions
“Quantum” molecular dynamics—a dynamical microscopic n-body approach to investigate fragment formation and the nuclear equation of state in heavy ion collisions
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DOI：
10.1016/0370-1573(91)90094-3
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发表时间：
1991-04
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Aichelin
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Aichelin
综述了描述 100 MeV/n 和 2 GeV/n 之间重离子反应的量子分子动力学方法、安体理论。我们首先调查核物质计算和动力学理论的现状，因为它们对我们的方法很重要。然后，我们详细推导了量子分子动力学方程，讨论推导该方程并使实际计算可行所需的各种近似。这些计算旨在解决当代重离子物理学中两个最有趣的问题：是什么导致原子核分裂成许多重块，以及我们能否从重离子反应中确定核状态方程？我们首先对大量的实验数据进行了详细的比较，得出了意想不到的良好一致性。接下来我们对这些问题进行详细的调查。我们发现这些能量的碎片是由弹丸在穿过目标时引起的密度波触发的。我们重现了流体动力学计算预测的以及最近在实验中看到的“挤出”和“反弹”。因此，有希望从重离子实验中提取核状态方程。然而，在实现这一目标之前，需要非常仔细的多参数实验。
The quantum molecular dynamics approach, ann-body theory to describe heavy ion reactions between 100 MeV/n and 2 GeV/n is reviewed. We start out with a survey of the present status of nuclear matter calculations and of kinetic theories as far as they are of importance for our approach. We then present a detailed derivation of the quantum molecular dynamics equation, discuss the various approximations necessary to derive this equation and to make actual calculations feasible. The calculations presented aim at the solution of two of the most interesting questions of contemporary heavy ion physics: What causes a nucleus to fragment into many heavy pieces, and can we determine the nuclear equation of state from heavy ion reactions? We first make detailed comparisons with a multitude of experimental data, which yield unexpectedly good agreement. We then proceed to detailed investigations of these questions. We find that fragmentation at these energies is triggered by the density wave caused by the projectile while travelling through the target. We reproduce the “squeeze out” and the “bounce off” predicted by hydrodynamical calculations and recently seen in experiment. Thus there is hope that the nuclear equation of state can be extracted from heavy ion experiments. However, very careful multiparameter experiments are necessary before one can achieve this goal.