Isotopic and molecular data support mixotrophy in Ophioglossum at the sporophytic stage
Isotopic and molecular data support mixotrophy in Ophioglossum at the sporophytic stage
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同位素和分子数据支持孢子体阶段 Ophioglossum 的混合营养
DOI：
10.1111/nph.16534
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Toju Hirokazu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Suetsugu Kenji;Taketomi Shintaro;Tanabe Akifumi S.;Haraguchi Takashi F.;Tayasu Ichiro;Toju Hirokazu
大多数陆地植物，从苔类到被子植物，都与肾菌群形成互惠共生的丛枝菌根(AM)(Smith&Read，2008)。植物从菌根伙伴那里获得必要的矿物质营养，以换取光合作用衍生的碳(Smith&Read，2008)。尽管如此，包括菌根在内的互惠关系允许第三个世系的剥削(作弊策略；Bronstein，2001；West等人，2007)。菌根代表一种弥漫的共生关系，其中一种植物同时与多种真菌共生，每种真菌同时与多种植物共生(Simard等人，2012年)。有人提出，当几个伙伴相互作用时，自然选择有利于不那么互惠互利的伙伴，这些伙伴在付出较少成本的同时获得更多利益，导致成本-收益平衡的潜在破坏(Bronstein，2001；Walder&van der Heijden，2015)。理论模型预测，当参与者采用防止对方过度剥削的机制时，互惠关系的进化稳定性大大增强(Bronstein，2001；West等人，2007)。因此，相互调节的资源交换被认为是稳定互惠互利和AM共生的进化维持的主要因素(Kier等人，2011年；Walder&van der Heijden，2015)。尽管如此，仍然存在大量非光合作用菌根植物在未经批准的情况下针对AM真菌的例子(Merckx&Freudenstein，2010；Selosse&Rousset，2011)。一些绿色植物通过光合作用和菌根真菌获得碳；这种双重营养策略被称为混合营养(Selosse&Roy，2009)。混合营养植物可分为两类：一类是在早期阶段采用真菌异养，后来发展为完全自养(最初的真菌异养)；另一类是尽管具有光合作用，但在其整个生命周期中保持部分真菌异养营养(部分真菌异养；Merckx，2013；戈麦斯等人，2017)。由于一些具有初始真菌异养的物种在成虫阶段可以保持部分真菌异养，一些研究表明，初始真菌异养的进化是迈向部分和完全真菌异养进化道路的第一步(Selosse&Roy，2009；Hynson等，2013；Jacquemyn&Merckx，2019)。最初与AM真菌相关的真菌异质性并不局限于被子植物，包括石松科的大多数成员，一些五味子科，一个五味子科，以及所有的眼子草科
Most land plants, from liverworts to angiosperms, form mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses with Glomeromycotina (Smith & Read, 2008). Plants gain essential mineral nutrients from their mycorrhizal partners in exchange for photosynthesis-derived carbon (Smith & Read, 2008). Nonetheless, mutualisms, including mycorrhizal ones, allow exploitation by a third lineage (cheating strategies; Bronstein, 2001; West et al., 2007). Mycorrhizas represent a diffuse symbiosis, wherein a single plant simultaneously associates with multiple fungi and each fungus concurrently associates with multiple plants (Simard et al., 2012). It has been suggested that when several partners interact, natural selection favors the less-mutualistic partners that obtain more benefits while paying fewer costs, leading to the potential disruption of cost–benefit balances (Bronstein, 2001; Walder & van der Heijden, 2015). Theoretical models predict that the evolutionary stability of mutualism is greatly enhanced when participants employ mechanisms to prevent excessive exploitation by the other (Bronstein, 2001; West et al., 2007). The reciprocally regulated exchange of resources has thus been considered the main factor stabilizing mutualism and the evolutionary maintenance of AM symbiosis (Kiers et al., 2011; Walder & van der Heijden, 2015). Despite this, numerous examples exist of nonphotosynthetic mycorrhizal plants targeting AM fungi without suffering sanction (Merckx & Freudenstein, 2010; Selosse & Rousset, 2011).Several green plants obtain carbon through both photosynthesis and mycorrhizal fungi; this dual nutritional strategy is called mixotrophy (Selosse & Roy, 2009). Mixotrophic plants can be divided into two types: those that employ mycoheterotrophy in the early stages and later develop full autotrophy (initial mycoheterotrophy) and those that, although being photosynthetic, maintain a partially mycoheterotrophic nutrition throughout their life cycle (partial mycoheterotrophy; Merckx, 2013; Gomes et al., 2017). Since some species with initial mycoheterotrophy can stay partially mycoheterotrophic at adult stage, several studies suggest that the evolution of initial mycoheterotrophy is the first step in the evolutionary path toward partial and full mycoheterotrophy (Selosse & Roy, 2009; Hynson et al., 2013; Jacquemyn & Merckx, 2019). Initial mycoheterotrophy associated with AM fungi is not limited to angiosperms, with most members of Lycopodiaceae, some Schizaeaceae, one Gleicheniaceae, and all Ophioglossaceae