Localized growth and remodelling drives spongy mesophyll morphogenesis
Localized growth and remodelling drives spongy mesophyll morphogenesis
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DOI：
10.1098/rsif.2022.0602
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发表时间：
2022-08
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
J. Treado;A. Roddy;Guillaume Théroux-Rancourt;Liyong Zhang;C. Ambrose;C. Brodersen;M. Shattuck;C. O’Hern
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Treado;A. Roddy;Guillaume Théroux-Rancourt;Liyong Zhang;C. Ambrose;C. Brodersen;M. Shattuck;C. O’Hern
海绵状叶肉是一种复杂的多孔组织，存在于植物叶片中，能够捕获碳并提供机械稳定性。与许多其他生物组织在整个发育过程中保持融合不同，海绵状叶肉必须从最初的融合组织发展成具有很大比例的细胞间空间的扭曲细胞网络。海绵状叶肉中的空腔是如何在组织保持机械稳定的情况下发育的尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用可变形多边形的计算机模拟来开发海绵状叶肉组织发育的纯力学模型。通过规定细胞壁生长和重塑只发生在空隙附近，我们的计算模型能够概括在拟南芥叶片中观察到的海绵状叶肉发育。我们发现海绵状叶肉中强健的孔隙空间的产生需要细胞生长、粘附、刚度和组织压力的平衡，以确保细胞网络在保持机械稳定性的同时具有多孔性。这种形态发生的机械模型的成功表明，简单的物理原理可以协调和驱动海绵状叶肉等复杂植物组织的发育。
The spongy mesophyll is a complex, porous tissue found in plant leaves that enables carbon capture and provides mechanical stability. Unlike many other biological tissues, which remain confluent throughout development, the spongy mesophyll must develop from an initially confluent tissue into a tortuous network of cells with a large proportion of intercellular airspace. How the airspace in the spongy mesophyll develops while the tissue remains mechanically stable is unknown. Here, we use computer simulations of deformable polygons to develop a purely mechanical model for the development of the spongy mesophyll tissue. By stipulating that cell wall growth and remodelling occurs only near void space, our computational model is able to recapitulate spongy mesophyll development observed in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. We find that robust generation of pore space in the spongy mesophyll requires a balance of cell growth, adhesion, stiffness and tissue pressure to ensure cell networks become porous yet maintain mechanical stability. The success of this mechanical model of morphogenesis suggests that simple physical principles can coordinate and drive the development of complex plant tissues like the spongy mesophyll.