'Willpower' over the life span: decomposing self-regulation
'Willpower' over the life span: decomposing self-regulation
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DOI：
10.1093/scan/nsq081
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Shoda, Yuichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mischel, Walter;Ayduk, Ozlem;Shoda, Yuichi
20 世纪 60 年代，米歇尔和同事开发了一种简单的“棉花糖测试”来衡量学龄前儿童延迟满足的能力。在 40 多年的大量后续研究中，这一“测试”被证明对生命过程中随之而来的社会、认知和心理健康结果具有惊人的显着预测有效性。在本文中，我们回顾了纵向工作和早期延迟满足实验的主要发现，这些实验检验了这种能力背后的认知评估和注意力控制策略。此外，我们概述了一系列假设，这些假设是从这些发现与“认知控制”机制及其神经基础的研究的交叉点中得出的。我们讨论了这些假设对分解“意志力”现象以及自我调节能力的终生个体差异的影响，这些差异是在早期研究中发现的，目前正在研究中。
In the 1960s, Mischel and colleagues developed a simple 'marshmallow test' to measure preschoolers' ability to delay gratification. In numerous follow-up studies over 40 years, this 'test' proved to have surprisingly significant predictive validity for consequential social, cognitive and mental health outcomes over the life course. In this article, we review key findings from the longitudinal work and from earlier delay-of-gratification experiments examining the cognitive appraisal and attention control strategies that underlie this ability. Further, we outline a set of hypotheses that emerge from the intersection of these findings with research on 'cognitive control' mechanisms and their neural bases. We discuss implications of these hypotheses for decomposing the phenomena of 'willpower' and the lifelong individual differences in self-regulatory ability that were identified in the earlier research and that are currently being pursued.