Winter Camelina: Crop Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality Response to Cultivar and Seeding Rate
Winter Camelina: Crop Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality Response to Cultivar and Seeding Rate
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DOI：
10.2135/cropsci2018.01.0018
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Gardner, Robert D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gesch, Russ W.;Matthees, Heather L.;Gardner, Robert D.
冬季一年生山茶[Camelina sativa(L.)Crantz]是一种抗冻性强、早熟的作物，有可能在短季温带环境中进行两熟种植。然而，很少有研究比较冬季品种在关键农艺性状上的差异，或者解决其生产的最佳播种量问题。抗冻性、种子产量和品质的提高等特性将有利于冬季骆驼的大规模推广应用。本研究旨在比较乔尔、野牛、HPX-WG1-35和HPX-WG4-1四个冬季山茶品种在不同播种量(334、668和1000粒m~(-2))下对明尼苏达州中西部的越冬存活和生长、种子产量、种子脂肪和蛋白质含量以及脂肪酸组成的影响。乔尔的越冬存活率最高，在三个生长季节的平均存活率为%。种植密度随着播种量的增加而增加，但对种子产量影响不显著。总体而言，Bison的产量最高(944公斤ha(-1))，其次是Joelle(865公斤ha(-1))，而HPX-WG1-35(650公斤ha-1)产量最低。HPX-WG1-35和HPX-WG4-1开花早于其他两个品种，籽粒蛋白质含量较高。乔尔籽含油量最高，平均为407g kg(-1)，油酸(C18：1)和亚油酸(C18：2)含量显著高于其他品种。芥酸(C22：1)含量品种间差异不大，平均含量为2.2%。播种量为334粒m~(-2)时，种子产量和产油量最高。一些关键性状的变异在品种中被确定，这可能有助于通过提高冬季骆驼生产力和增加其在两熟制中的使用而有利于育种计划。
Winter annual camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is a freeze-hardy, early-maturing crop that allows potential for dual cropping in short-season temperate environments. However, few studies have compared winter cultivars for variation in key agronomic traits, or have addressed optimizing seeding rate for their production. Traits such as freeze hardiness and improved seed yield and quality would benefit large-scale adoption of winter camelina. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of four winter camelina cultivars ('Joelle', 'Bison', 'HPX-WG1-35', and 'HPX-WG4-1') grown at three seeding rates (334, 668, and 1000 seed m(-2)) on winter survival and growth, seed yield, seed oil and protein content, and fatty acid composition in west-central Minnesota. Joelle had the greatest winter survival rate, averaging 64% across three growing seasons. Plant density increased with seeding rate, but did not significantly affect seed yield. Overall, Bison yielded the greatest (944 kg ha(-1)) followed by Joelle (865 kg ha(-1)), whereas HPX-WG1-35 (650 kg ha-1) yielded the least. Both HPX-WG1-35 and HPX-WG4-1 flowered earlier than the other two cultivars and had greater seed protein content. Joelle seed had the greatest oil content, averaging 407 g kg(-1), and had significantly greater oleic (C18: 1) and lower linoleic acid (C18: 2) contents than the other cultivars. Cultivars did not differ in erucic acid (C22: 1) content, which averaged 2.2% across cultivars. Seeding at 334 seeds m-2 was sufficient to achieve maximum seed and oil yield. Variation in some key traits was identified among cultivars that may benefit breeding programs by improving winter camelina productivity and increasing its use in dual-cropping systems.