SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY SCOPE AND PERSPECTIVES - MOLECULES SUPERMOLECULES MOLECULAR DEVICES
SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY SCOPE AND PERSPECTIVES - MOLECULES SUPERMOLECULES MOLECULAR DEVICES
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00658981
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发表时间：
1988-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
LEHN, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LEHN, JM
超分子化学是分子间键的化学，涵盖了两个或多个化学物种缔合形成的实体的结构和功能。通过受体-底物结合形成的超分子中的分子识别依赖于分子互补性的原理，如在球形和四面体识别中发现的，通过共受体、金属受体、两亲性受体和阴离子配位的线性识别。超分子催化的受体轴承活性基团的影响键裂解反应，以及通过共催化合成键的形成。亲脂性受体分子作为各种底物的选择性载体，并使其有可能建立与电子和质子梯度或光相关的耦合传输过程。尽管内受体通过会聚相互作用在分子腔中结合底物，外受体依赖于受体表面和底物之间的相互作用;因此可以设计新型受体，例如金属核酸。与多分子组装体、受体、载体和催化剂结合，可以产生分子和超分子装置，其被定义为建立在超分子架构上的结构上有组织的和功能上集成的化学系统。它们的识别，转移和转换功能进行了分析，特别是从分子器件的角度来看，将通过光子，电子或离子，从而定义分子光子学，电子学和离子学领域。光敏基团的引入产生用于光转换和电荷分离中心的设计的光敏受体。氧化还原活性聚烯烃链代表用于通过膜进行电子转移的分子线。通过堆叠合适的大环受体形成的管状中间相可以导致离子通道。分子自组装与形成双螺旋结构复合物的无环配体发生。分子和超分子设计和工程的这种发展打开了实现分子光子，电子和离子器件的前景，这些器件将在分子水平上进行高度选择性的识别，反应和转移操作，用于信号和信息处理。
Supramolecular chemistry is the chemistry of the intermolecular bond, covering the structures and functions of the entities formed by association of two or more chemical species. Molecular recognition in the supermolecules formed by receptor‐substrate binding rests on the principles of molecular complementarity, as found in spherical and tetrahedral recognition, linear recognition by coreceptors, metalloreceptors, amphiphilic receptors, and anion coordination. Supramolecular catalysis by receptors bearing reactive groups effects bond cleavage reactions as well as synthetic bond formation via cocatalysis. Lipophilic receptor molecules act as selective carriers for various substrates and make it possible to set up coupled transport processes linked to electron and proton gradients or to light. Whereas endoreceptors bind substrates in molecular cavities by convergent interactions, exoreceptors rely on interactions between the surfaces of the receptor and the substrate; thus new types of receptors, such as the metallonucleates, may be designed. In combination with polymolecular assemblies, receptors, carriers, and catalysts may lead to molecular and supramolecular devices, defined as structurally organized and functionally integrated chemical systems built on supramolecular architectures. Their recognition, transfer, and transformation features are analyzed specifically from the point of view of molecular devices that would operate via photons, electrons, or ions, thus defining fields of molecular photonics, electronics, and ionics. Introduction of photosensitive groups yields photoactive receptors for the design of light‐conversion and charge‐separation centers. Redox‐active polyolefinic chains represent molecular wires for electron transfer through membranes. Tubular mesophases formed by stacking of suitable macrocyclic receptors may lead to ion channels. Molecular self‐assembling occurs with acyclic ligands that form complexes of double‐helical structure. Such developments in molecular and supramolecular design and engineering open perspectives towards the realization of molecular photonic, electronic, and ionic devices that would perform highly selective recognition, reaction, and transfer operations for signal and information processing at the molecular level.