COMMUNITY STRUCTURE - NEUTRAL MODEL ANALYSIS
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE - NEUTRAL MODEL ANALYSIS
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DOI：
10.2307/1942257
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发表时间：
1976-01-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
CASWELL, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CASWELL, H
群落结构与群落功能的关系是许多生态理论的主题。基于控制论、控制理论和生态位理论，可以确定三种解决问题的方法。他们一致认为，生物相互作用在决定群落结构，特别是物种多样性方面发挥着重要作用。为了检验这一理论体系，我们使用了一个中性的模型来研究群落的发展，这个模型完全消除了所讨论的生物相互作用。从这个模型与自然群落的结构产生的群落结构的模式的比较提供了一个估计的生物相互作用的效果。这可以与理论上预测的效果进行比较。所使用的中性模型最初是在群体遗传学中开发的。在这里使用的上下文中，它描述了一组非相互作用的种群的随机发展，这些种群殖民于一个社区，暂时持续并最终灭绝。该模型预测了相对多度的分布形式、物种面积曲线的分布形式和物种多样性的样本值。该模型的预测与实际的社区结构的比较是跨什么被认为是梯度的生物相互作用的重要性（演替与顶极社区，高变化与低变化的环境，温带与热带），使用数据的鸟类，鱼类，树木和昆虫。这些结果显然与某些群落结构理论相矛盾。在生物相互作用预计会使物种多样性增加最多的情况下，中性模式分析表明，实际上多样性大大低于没有这种相互作用时的预期。这些研究结果的社区理论的一些影响进行了讨论。
The relation of community structure to community function is the subject of much ecological theorizing. Three approaches to the problem, based on cybernetics, control theory and niche theory, can be identified. They concur in giving biological interactions a major role in the determination of community structure in general, and species diversity in particular. To examine this body of theory, a neutral model was used for community development, a model which eliminates completely the biological interactions in question. Comparison of the patterns of community structure resulting from this model with the structure of natural communities provides an estimate of the effect of the biotic interactions. This can then be compared to the theoretically predicted effects. The neutral model used was originally developed in population genetics. In the context used here, it describes the stochastic development of a set of noninteracting populations, which colonize a community, persist temporarily and eventually become extinct. The model predicts the form of the distribution of relative abundances and of species area curves, and sample values of species diversity. Comparisons of the model''s predictions with actual community structure are made across what are taken to be gradients in the importance of biological interaction (successional vs. climax communities, high variation vs. low variation environments, the temperate zone vs. the tropics), using data on birds, fish, trees and insects. The results clearly contradict some of the theories of community structure. In those situations where biological interactions are predicted to generate the greatest increase in species diversity, the neutral model analysis shows that diversity is in fact significantly lower than would be expected in the absence of such interactions. Some implications of these findings for community theory are discussed.