Intentional binding of two effects
Intentional binding of two effects
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DOI：
10.1007/s00426-017-0892-4
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Kiesel，Andrea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ruess，Miriam;Thomaschke，Roland;Kiesel，Andrea
与没有产生效果的行为相比，产生效果的行为会在稍后的时间被感知。同样地，一个动作的效果比一个不是由动作产生的刺激更早地被感知到。尽管对这一现象进行了大量的研究，即有意结合效应（IB），但其潜在机制仍未完全了解。通常，IB是在行动只产生单一效果的环境中进行研究的，而在日常行动环境中，它在导致预期结果之前会引起一系列效果。因此，我们研究了IB的两个连续效应。我们观察到与第二种音调相比，第一种效果音调的IB显著增加。这种模式被观察到的第二个音调是暂时可预测的（实验1）或不可预测的（实验2和3）。有趣的是，第二个音调在延迟较少的情况下产生更强的IB（实验4）。因此，在展开的动作-效果序列中稍后发生的事件也可能与引起它的动作相关联，但它与动作的关联可能比与第一个效果的关联要小。事实上，它不是两个连续效应中的第二个，然而，这似乎受到一秒钟的较长延迟的影响，因此，较晚发生的效应。
An action that produced an effect is perceived later in time compared to an action that did not produce an effect. Likewise, the effect of an action is perceived earlier in time compared to a stimulus that was not produced by an action. Despite numerous studies on this phenomenon—referred to as Intentional Binding effect (IB)—the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Typically, IB is investigated in settings where the action produces just one single effect, whereas in everyday action contexts, it rather causes a sequence of effects before leading to the desired outcome. Therefore, we investigated IB of two consecutive effects. We observed substantially more IB of a first effect tone compared to a second tone. This pattern was observed for second tones that were temporally predictable (Exp. 1) or not (Exp. 2 and 3). Interestingly, the second tone yielded stronger IB when it was less delayed (Exp. 4). Thus, also an event occurring later in an unfolding action–effect sequence can be bound to its causing action, but it might be less bound to the action than a first effect. Instead of the fact that it is the second of two consecutive effects, this, however, rather seems to be influenced by the longer delay of a second and, therefore, later occurring effect.