Lipopeptides from Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp.: A Gold Mine of Antibiotic Candidates
Lipopeptides from Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp.: A Gold Mine of Antibiotic Candidates
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DOI：
10.1002/med.21321
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Vederas, John C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cochrane, Stephen A.;Vederas, John C.
多重耐药细菌的出现给卫生保健系统带来了压力，并突出了对新型抗生素的需求。细菌脂肽是次级代谢产物，通常由非核糖体肽合成酶产生，通常表现出广谱抗微生物活性。在过去的40年里，只有两种新的结构类型的抗生素进入市场，利奈唑胺和细菌脂肽达托霉素。多种细菌产生脂肽，然而芽孢杆菌属和类芽孢杆菌属（Paenibacillus spp.）特别是已经产生了几种有效的抗微生物脂肽。这些细菌产生的许多脂肽已经被人们知道了几十年，代表了抗生素候选物的潜在金矿。该列表包括多粘菌素、八肽素、多肽素、伊枯草菌素、表面活性剂、芬霉素、杀镰孢菌素和十三肽，以及一些新的例子，包括kurstakins。这些脂肽具有多种活性，从抗细菌和抗真菌到抗癌和抗病毒。这篇综述提出了一个合理的全面列表的每一类脂肽及其已知的同系物。重点放在它们的抗菌活性以及这类有趣物质的其他潜在应用上。
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has placed a strain on health care systems and highlighted the need for new classes of antibiotics. Bacterial lipopeptides are secondary metabolites, generally produced by nonribosomal peptide synthetases that often exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Only two new structural types of antibiotics have entered the market in the last 40 years, linezolid and the bacterial lipopeptide daptomycin. A wide variety of bacteria produce lipopeptides, however Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp. in particular have yielded several potent antimicrobial lipopeptides. Many of the lipopeptides produced by these bacteria have been known for decades and represent a potential gold mine of antibiotic candidates. This list includes the polymyxins, octapeptins, polypeptins, iturins, surfactins, fengycins, fusaricidins, and tridecaptins, as well as some novel examples, including the kurstakins. These lipopeptides have a wide variety of activities, ranging from antibacterial and antifungal, to anticancer and antiviral. This review presents a reasonably comprehensive list of each class of lipopeptide and their known homologues. Emphasis has been placed on their antimicrobial activities, as well other potential applications for this interesting class of substances.