Can practice overcome age-related differences in the psychological refractory period effect?
Can practice overcome age-related differences in the psychological refractory period effect?
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DOI：
10.1037/0882-7974.19.4.649
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bertsch, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maquestiaux, F;Hartley, AA;Bertsch, J
双重任务练习能否消除心理不应期(PRP)效应中与年龄相关的差异？为了回答这个问题，年轻人和老年人练习了7个PRP设计块，其中任务1(T1)要求对听觉刺激做出声音反应，任务2(T2)要求对视觉刺激做出手动反应(实验1)。结果表明，练习并没有减少，而是增加了与年龄相关的PRP干扰差异。使用训练有素的个体，引入不太复杂的新T1(实验2)或不太复杂的新T2(实验3)，以及之前练习的任务，减少了PRP干扰，但仅在老年人中。作者提出，老年人遭受着巨大的任务转换成本，比起练习的数量，这一成本对任务的复杂性更敏感。
Can dual-task practice remove age-related differences in the psychological refractory period (PRP) effect? To answer this question, younger and older individuals practiced 7 blocks of a PRP design, in which Task 1 (T1) required a vocal response to an auditory stimulus and Task 2 (T2) required a manual response to a visual stimulus (Experiment 1). The results showed that practice did not reduce, but rather increased, age-related differences in PRP interference. Using the trained individuals, the introduction of a less complex new T1 (Experiment 2) or a less complex new T2 (Experiment 3) with the task previously practiced reduced the PRP interference but only in older adults. The authors propose that older adults suffer from a large task-switch cost that is more sensitive to task complexity than to the amount of practice.