Nanomaterial characterization: considerations and needs for hazard assessment and safety evaluation
Nanomaterial characterization: considerations and needs for hazard assessment and safety evaluation
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DOI：
10.1007/s00216-009-3103-3
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
David, Raymond M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boverhof, Darrell R.;David, Raymond M.
纳米技术是一个迅速兴起的领域，具有极大的兴趣和前景。随着新材料的开发和商业化，还需要生成危害信息，以使监管机构、工人和消费者放心，这些材料可以安全使用。纳米材料的生物学特性与物理特性密切相关，包括尺寸、形状、溶解速度、团聚状态和表面化学等。此外，用于悬浮或分散这些水不溶性颗粒的介质可以改变这些特性。然而，目前的毒理学文献缺乏大量的特征信息，使毒理学家和监管机构能够制定“经验法则”，用于评估潜在的危害。为了有效地制定这些规则，毒理学家需要知道与生物系统相互作用的粒子的特性。这一空白使科学界别无选择，只能评估所有材料的所有潜在危害。由于颗粒的细微差异或所使用的分散介质的差异，导致颗粒的性质和毒性发生改变，因此缺乏表征也可能导致不同实验室对看似相同的测试材料报告不一致的结果。由于这些原因，使用最小表征数据集的良好表征应该伴随并且要求所有关于纳米材料的科学出版物。
Nanotechnology is a rapidly emerging field of great interest and promise. As new materials are developed and commercialized, hazard information also needs to be generated to reassure regulators, workers, and consumers that these materials can be used safely. The biological properties of nanomaterials are closely tied to the physical characteristics, including size, shape, dissolution rate, agglomeration state, and surface chemistry, to name a few. Furthermore, these properties can be altered by the medium used to suspend or disperse these water-insoluble particles. However, the current toxicology literature lacks much of the characterization information that allows toxicologists and regulators to develop "rules of thumb" that could be used to assess potential hazards. To effectively develop these rules, toxicologists need to know the characteristics of the particle that interacts with the biological system. This void leaves the scientific community with no options other than to evaluate all materials for all potential hazards. Lack of characterization could also lead to different laboratories reporting discordant results on seemingly the same test material because of subtle differences in the particle or differences in the dispersion medium used that resulted in altered properties and toxicity of the particle. For these reasons, good characterization using a minimal characterization data set should accompany and be required of all scientific publications on nanomaterials.