DOES MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT AFFECT BREAST-FEEDING
DOES MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT AFFECT BREAST-FEEDING
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.79.9.1247
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发表时间：
1989-09-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
RHOADS, GG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KURINIJ, N;SHIONO, PH;RHOADS, GG
在华盛顿特区，对668名黑人和511名白人妇女进行了一项关于母亲就业和母乳喂养开始和持续时间的前瞻性调查。91%的白人女性(n=511)和80%的黑人女性(n=668)报告在怀孕期间工作。与全职相比，计划重返工作岗位的黑人女性更有可能母乳喂养，而不是配方奶喂养(调整后的优势比，2.3；95%可信区间(CI)=1.4，3.7)。经Cox回归分析，重返工作岗位的黑人女性母乳喂养持续时间短于未重返工作岗位的黑人女性(风险比=0.5(CI=0.3，0.9))。与重返销售或技术岗位的女性相比，重返专业职业的黑人和白人女性的母乳喂养持续时间更长(黑人女性的风险比=2.4(CI=1.4，4.4)；白人女性的风险比=1.6(CI=1.0，2.5))。此外，从事专业工作的白人妇女比从事文书工作的妇女哺乳时间更长(危险比=1.7(CI=1.1，2.6))。除非美国的雇主制定一项不鼓励母乳喂养的生育政策，否则大多数在职女性将很难实现建议的六个月母乳喂养。
A prospective survey of maternal employment and breast-feeding initiation and duration was conducted among 668 Black and 511 White women who delivered their first child in Washington, DC [USA]. Ninety-one percent of White women (n = 511) and 80 percent of Black women (n = 668) reported working during pregnancy. Black women who planned to return to work part time vs full time were more likely to breast-feed rather than formula-feed (adjusted odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.4, 3.7). Using Cox regression, Black women who returned to work had a shorter duration of breast-feeding than those not returning to work (hazard ratio = 0.5 (CI = 0.3, 0.9)). Black and White women returning to professional occupations had a longer duration of breast-feeding compared to women returning to sales or technical positions (hazard ratio for Black women = 2.4 (CI = 1.4, 4.4); hazard ratio for White women = 1.6 (CI = 1.0, 2.5)). In addition, White women in professional occupations had a longer duration of breast-feeding than women in clerical positions (hazard ratio = 1.7 (CI = 1.1, 2.6)). Until employers in the United States develop a maternity policy which does not discourage breast-feeding, the recommended six months of breast-feeding will be difficult to achieve for most employed women.