Neighborhood social processes, physical conditions, and disaster-related mortality: The case of the 1995 Chicago heat wave
Neighborhood social processes, physical conditions, and disaster-related mortality: The case of the 1995 Chicago heat wave
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DOI：
10.1177/000312240607100407
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Cagney, Kathleen A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Browning, Christopher R.;Wallace, Danielle;Cagney, Kathleen A.
作者利用Klinenberg(2002)的人种学和最近的邻里理论来解释1995年7月芝加哥热浪期间社区层面的死亡率变化。他们研究了社区结构劣势对热浪死亡率的影响，并考虑了三种可能的干预机制：社会网络互动、集体效能和商业条件。结合人口普查和死亡率数据，结合1995年芝加哥社区人类发展项目社区调查和系统社会观察，作者估计了1995年热浪和可比较的、时间上接近的7月周(1990-94年，1996年)死亡率的分层泊松模型。他们发现，社区富裕程度与热浪死亡率呈负相关。与克莱恩伯格对芝加哥热浪的人种学研究一致，商业衰退与热浪死亡率呈正相关，并解释了富裕效应。在商业下滑较低的地方，社区基本上没有受到高温相关死亡的影响。尽管社会网络互动和集体效能不影响热浪死亡率，但集体效能与可比7月周(没有发生热浪时)的死亡率呈负相关。以社区为基础的资源分配不均对芝加哥热浪期间存活率的地理差异有重要影响，并可能与其他灾害有关。
The authors draw on Klinenberg (2002) ethnography and recent neighborhood theory to explain community-level variation in mortality during the July 1995 Chicago heat wave. They examine the impact of neighborhood structural disadvantage on heat wave mortality and consider three possible intervening mechanisms: social network interaction, collective efficacy, and commercial conditions. Combining Census and mortality data with the 1995 Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods Community Survey and Systematic Social Observation, the authors estimate hierarchical Poisson models of death rates both during the 1995 heat wave and comparable, temporally proximate July weeks (1990-94, 1996). They find that neighborhood affluence was negatively associated with heat wave mortality. Consistent with Klinenberg ethnographic study of the Chicago heat wave, commercial decline was positively associated with heat wave mortality and explains the affluence effect. Where commercial decline was low, neighborhoods were largely protected from heat-related mortality. Although social network interaction and collective efficacy did not influence heat wave mortality, collective efficacy was negatively associated with mortality during comparable July weeks (when no heat wave occurred). Unequal distribution of community-based resources had important implications for geographic differences in survival rates during the Chicago heat wave, and may be relevant for other disasters.