Vaccination as a social contract
Vaccination as a social contract
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1919666117
复制
发表时间：
2020-06-30
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Betsch, Cornelia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Korn, Lars;Boehm, Robert;Betsch, Cornelia
大多数疫苗通过减少传染病的传播来保护接种疫苗的个人和社会。为了消除传染病，个人需要考虑超越个人利益的社会福利，而不考虑种族、宗教或民族群体的边界。因此有人提出，接种疫苗构成了一种社会契约，其中个人在道德上有义务接种疫苗。然而，人们对个人是否真的按照这种社会契约行事知之甚少。如果是这样，接种疫苗的人应该对另一个接种疫苗的人更慷慨。相反，如果另一方不接种疫苗，违反了社会契约，那么慷慨度应该下降。三个预先注册的实验调查了一个人自己的疫苗接种行为、他人的疫苗接种行为和他人的群体成员身份如何影响一个人对各自他人的慷慨。实验一致表明，特别顺从（即接种疫苗）的个体对未接种疫苗的个体表现出较少的慷慨。这种影响与其他人的群体成员无关，表明了一种无条件的道德原则。一项内部荟萃分析（n = 1032）证实了整体的社会契约效应。在第四个实验（n = 1212）中，这种模式在将接种疫苗视为道德义务的接种者中尤为明显。结论是，疫苗接种是一种社会契约，其中合作是道德上正确的选择。个人根据社会契约行事，他们越强烈地认为这是一种道德义务。强调社会契约可能是一种有希望的干预措施，以增加疫苗的吸收率，防止搭便车，并最终支持消除传染病。
May Most vaccines protect both the vaccinated individual and the society by reducing the transmission of infectious diseases. In order to eliminate infectious diseases, individuals need to consider social welfare beyond mere self-interest-regardless of ethnic, religious, or national group borders. It has therefore been proposed that vaccination poses a social contract in which individuals are morally obliged to get vaccinated. However, little is known about whether individuals indeed act upon this social contract. If so, vaccinated individuals should reciprocate by being more generous to a vaccinated other. On the contrary, if the other doesn 't vaccinate and violates the social contract, generosity should decline. Three preregistered experiments investigated how a person 's own vaccination behavior, others ' vaccination behavior, and others ' group membership influenced a person 's generosity toward respective others. The experiments consistently showed that especially compliant (i.e., vaccinated) individuals showed less generosity toward nonvaccinated individuals. This effect was independent of the others ' group membership, suggesting an unconditional moral principle. An internal metaanalysis (n = 1,032) confirmed the overall social contract effect. In a fourth experiment (n = 1,212), this pattern was especially pronounced among vaccinated individuals who perceived vaccination as a moral obligation. It is concluded that vaccination is a social contract in which cooperation is the morally right choice. Individuals act upon the social contract, and more so the stronger they perceive it as a moral obligation. Emphasizing the social contract could be a promising intervention to increase vaccine uptake, prevent free riding, and, eventually, support the elimination of infectious diseases.