Nonmedical use of prescription opioids and stimulants among student pharmacists
Nonmedical use of prescription opioids and stimulants among student pharmacists
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DOI：
10.1331/japha.2009.08027
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Budman, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lord, Sarah;Downs, George;Budman, Simon
目的：研究处方阿片类镇痛药和兴奋剂在学生药剂师中的非医疗使用的流行率和模式。设计：描述性，非实验性，横断面研究。设置：2006年秋季美国私立城市药学院。参与者：1，538名PharmD学生。干预：在线调查。主要结果测量：一生和过去一年非医疗处方阿片类镇痛药和兴奋剂的使用。结果：调查的回应率为62%。阿片类药物滥用的终生患病率为8%，5%的学生在过去一年中滥用过。兴奋剂滥用的终生患病率为7%，5%在过去一年中滥用过。白人和兄弟会或姐妹会成员比同龄人更有可能滥用阿片类药物。与同龄人相比，白人，男性和低学业成就者更有可能滥用阿片类药物。终生滥用兴奋剂的可能性更大的学生是白色，老年人，兄弟会或姐妹会成员，而过去一年的滥用更可能是白人和低学术成就。阿片类药物滥用的常见动机是玩得开心，放松和处理慢性疼痛。兴奋剂被用来提高注意力和学习成绩。朋友是处方阿片类药物和兴奋剂的最常见来源。非医疗处方的使用与酒精和其他非法物质use.Conclusion的可能性更大：处方药滥用的学生药剂师的患病率低于（阿片类药物）或与（兴奋剂）报告率在大学人群。学生的亚组表现出较高的非医疗使用率，包括白人，学生参与兄弟会或姐妹会，和低学术成就。朋友是滥用药物的主要来源，这表明只有处方药才能控制的药物可能发生在学生药剂师中。非医疗处方药的使用应在其他物质使用的背景下考虑。
Objectives: To examine the prevalence and patterns of nonmedical use of prescription opioid analgesics and stimulants among student pharmacists.Design: Descriptive, nonexperimental, cross-sectional study.Setting: Private urban college of pharmacy in the United States in fall 2006.Participants: 1,538 PharmD students.Intervention: Online survey.Main outcome measures: Lifetime and past-year nonmedical prescription opioid and stimulant use.Results: Response rate for the survey was 62%. Lifetime prevalence of opioid misuse was 8%, and 5% of students had misused in the past year. Lifetime prevalence of stimulant misuse was 7%, and 5% had misused in the past year. Whites and fraternity or sorority members were more likely than their peers to have ever misused opioids. Past-year opioid misuse was more likely among whites, men, and low academic achievers compared with their peers. Lifetime stimulant misuse was more likely among students who were white, older, and fraternity or sorority members, while past-year misuse was more likely among whites and low academic achievers. Common motives for opioid misuse were to have fun, to relax, and to deal with chronic pain. Stimulants were used to improve concentration and academic performance. Friends were the most common source of prescription opioids and stimulants. Nonmedical prescription use was associated with greater likelihood of alcohol and other illicit substance use.Conclusion: The prevalence of prescription medication misuse among student pharmacists was lower than (opioids) or comparable with (stimulants) reported rates in college populations. Subgroups of students demonstrated higher rates of nonmedical use, including whites, students involved with fraternities or sororities, and low academic achievers. That friends were the primary source of misused medications indicates that diversion of prescription-only controlled substances likely occurs among student pharmacists. Nonmedical prescription medication use should be considered in the context of other substance use.