“God forgives – but Nature never will” Racial Identity, Racial Anthropology, and Eugenics in Latvia 1918-1940
“God forgives – but Nature never will” Racial Identity, Racial Anthropology, and Eugenics in Latvia 1918-1940
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“上帝宽恕——但大自然永远不会” 1918-1940 年拉脱维亚的种族认同、种族人类学和优生学
DOI：
10.1163/9789401209762_007
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Björn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Felder;Björn
拉脱维亚的体质人类学与解剖学家Jkabs Prmanis密切相关，他将该学科扩大为一门国家科学，并在1934年后将其纳入独裁国家的国家优生计划。在国家资金的资助下，Prenomanis开发了广泛的人体测量方法，试图找到“原始”拉脱维亚种族类型，强调拉脱维亚人的“北欧”特征。种族和种族认同成为政治合法化和民族自我认知的一种手段。在拉脱维亚，种族科学的进一步发展也成为民族生物化进程和形成种族国家乌托邦的重要轨迹。1930年代，普雷马尼斯成为拉脱维亚实施应用优生学的杰出人物。他的研究议程包括社会，遗传和病理学以及人类学数据，他奠定了广泛的优生监测的基础，并为苏联占领结束的进一步生物工程奠定了基础。没有标签种族科学在拉脱维亚伪科学的章节概述了严重的政治化和政治工具化这门学科。
Physical anthropology in Latvia is strongly connected to anatomist Jēkabs Prīmanis who enlarged the discipline to a national science and embedded it in the national eugenic programmes of the authoritarian state after 1934. Funded by state money Prīmanis developed broad anthropometric measurements seeking to find the “original” Latvian racial type emphasising the “Nordic” character of the Latvians. Race and racial identity became a means of political legitimation and national self-perception. Further racial science in Latvia became also an important trajectory for the process of biologisation of the nation and for forming the utopia of the racial state. Prīmanis became in the 1930ies an outstanding figure in implementing applied eugenics in Latvia. With his research agenda including social, genetic and pathological besides anthropological data, he laid the foundation of broad eugenic surveillance of the nation and the basis for further biological engineering that was ended by Soviet occupation. Without labelling racial science in Latvia a pseudo-science the chapter outlines the heavily politicisation and political instrumentalisation of this discipline.