Executive functions in individuals with intellectual disability
Executive functions in individuals with intellectual disability
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ridd.2010.07.012
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Nilsson, Lars-Goran
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Danielsson, Henrik;Henry, Lucy;Nilsson, Lars-Goran
本研究的目的是调查智障成年人的执行功能，并将他们与纵向上匹配的对照组进行5年的比较。在Betula数据库中，根据语言和非语言智商的测量定义了一组智力残疾成年人(ID，n=46)。根据智商高于85、年龄、性别、样本、受教育程度和受教育年限的优先顺序，选择一个对照组，每名智障人士对应2人(n=92)。行政职能的三种类型的任务被包括在两个场合，每隔5年测试一次：河内塔、。执行加载了单词回忆和语言流利性的双重任务版本。成人ID在语言流畅性和执行加载的双重任务单词回忆任务(编码时，而不是回忆时)上表现出显著的损害。在河内塔上没有群体差异。在两个测试场合之间没有发现显著差异。结果被解释为，患有ID的个体在获取词汇项的速度方面存在问题，并且在编码时与工作记忆相关的执行控制存在困难，包括在任务之间转换。然而，抑制并不一定会有问题。双重任务的结果还表明，智力障碍的成年人在编码时对策略中断更敏感，但在回忆时分散注意力并没有这样的不利影响。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
The aim of the present study was to investigate executive functions in adults with intellectual disability, and compare them to a closely matched control group longitudinally for 5 years. In the Betula database, a group of adults with intellectual disability (ID, n = 46) was defined from measures of verbal and non-verbal IQ. A control group, with two people for every person with intellectual disability (n = 92), was chosen by matching on the following criterion in order of priority: IQ higher than 85, age, sex, sample, level of education, and years of education. Three types of tasks of executive functions were included on two occasions, with 5 years between testing sessions: The Tower of Hanoi,. executively loaded dual task versions of word recall, and verbal fluency. Adults with ID showed significant impairments on verbal fluency and on the executively loaded dual task word recall task (at encoding but not at recall). There were no group differences on the Tower of Hanoi. No significant differences between the two test occasions were found. The results are interpreted in terms of individuals with ID having problems with speed of accessing lexical items and difficulties with working memory-related executive control at encoding, which includes shifting between tasks. There are, however, not necessarily problems with inhibition. The dual task results additionally imply that the adults with intellectual disability were more sensitive to strategy interruptions at encoding, but that dividing attention at recall did not have such detrimental effects. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.