Female multiple matings and male harassment and their effects on fitness of arrhenotokous Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).
Female multiple matings and male harassment and their effects on fitness of arrhenotokous Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-015-1970-5
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Shelton AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li XW;Fail J;Shelton AM
虽然一般认为一次或几次交配足以最大限度地提高雌性的适应性，而且通常认为交配对雌性来说是昂贵的，但在广泛的分类学上不同的动物中，已经报道了雌性的多次交配。本文调查了烟粉虱的雌虫交配频率和雄虫骚扰率。此外，成本的女性交配，多次交配，男性骚扰女性进行了评估。我们找到了T.烟粉虱雌性在其一生中多次交配，并且在我们测试的所有年龄段都受到高比例的雄性骚扰。交配是昂贵的女性在减少寿命和推迟产卵的开始方面，虽然交配不影响生存和寿命的男性。此外，持续暴露于男性也导致了健身成本交配的女性在延迟产卵和降低生育力。生殖蓟马的处女雌性只产生雄性后代，而生殖蓟马的交配雌性从未受精的卵产生雄性，从受精的卵产生雌性。然而，多次交配不允许女性受精更大比例的卵，以增加女性后代的比例。我们的研究表明，多个交配的发生和性活动的成本之间的冲突。这就提出了关于这个物种中多个交配和一妻多夫的进化问题。此外，这些发现表明，这种现象可能发生在其他动物物种中，并影响其交配系统的进化。
Although it is generally assumed that one or a few matings are sufficient to maximize female fitness and that mating is generally assumed to be costly to females, multiple matings of females have been reported across a wide and taxonomically diverse set of animals. Here, we investigated female mating frequency and male harassment rate in arrhenotokous Thrips tabaci. In addition, the cost to females of mating, multiple matings, and male harassment to females was evaluated. We found that T. tabaci females mated multiple times during their lifetime and were subjected to a high rate of male harassment at all the ages we tested. Mating was costly to females in terms of reducing longevity and delaying the initiation of egg laying, although mating did not affect the survivorship and longevity of males. Furthermore, continual exposure to males also resulted in a fitness cost to mated females in terms of delayed egg production and reduced fecundity. Virgin females of arrhenotokous thrips produce only male progeny whereas mated females of arrhenotokous thrips produce males from unfertilized eggs and females from fertilized eggs. However, multiple matings did not allow females to fertilize a larger proportion of their eggs to increase the female offspring ratio. Our study demonstrates the conflicts between the occurrence of multiple matings and the cost of sexual activities. This raises questions about the evolution of multiple matings and polyandry in this species. Furthermore, these findings suggest that such phenomena may occur in other animal species and influence the evolution of their mating systems.