National policies to prevent obesity in early childhood: Using policy mapping to compare policy lessons for Australia with six developed countries
National policies to prevent obesity in early childhood: Using policy mapping to compare policy lessons for Australia with six developed countries
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/obr.12925
复制
发表时间：
2019-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Rissel，Chris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Esdaile，Emma;Thow，Anne Marie;Rissel，Chris
在幼儿期（生命的前5年）预防肥胖的干预措施可能会产生重大的预防性健康影响。通过比较人口、收入和语言与澳大利亚相似的国家，这一摸底审查为澳大利亚联邦政府确定了建议的政策选择。使用两个矩阵绘制了六个国家的政策。第一个矩阵审查了政策背景，描述了肥胖预防治理。第二个矩阵对照全球建议审查了政策内容。政策被分为下游（医疗保健）、中游（生活方式和环境）和上游（健康的决定因素，包括食品和建筑环境）。研究结果发现，六个国家的肥胖治理存在差异，包括政策一致性、领导力、机构驱动力和各级政府的重叠责任。虽然各国往往有更多的下游或中游政策，但如果各国投资于全系统的肥胖问题解决办法，如制定国家肥胖战略，制定单独的食物/营养和体育活动计划，以及专门的预防卫生机构，则更有可能采取上游政策。该研究建议AFG采取一系列举措，以加强预防幼儿肥胖的政策，包括优先制定国家食品/营养战略。
Interventions for obesity prevention in early childhood (first 5 years of life) are likely to have a significant preventive health impact. This mapping review identified recommended policy options for the Australian Federal Government (AFG) by comparing countries with similar population, income, and language to Australia. Policies were mapped in six countries using two matrices. The first matrix examined policy context, describing obesity prevention governance. The second matrix examined policy content, compared with global recommendations. Policies were grouped into downstream (healthcare), midstream (lifestyle and settings), and upstream (determinants of health, including food and built environments). Results identified variance in obesity governance across the six countries including policy coherence, leadership, institutional drivers, and overlapping responsibility across different levels of government. While countries tended to have more downstream or midstream policies, upstream policies were more likely when countries had invested in system‐wide approaches to obesity such as developing a national obesity strategy, having separate food/nutrition and physical activity plans, and a dedicated preventive health agency. This study recommends a range of initiatives for the AFG to strengthen policies for the prevention of obesity in early childhood, including prioritising the development of a national food/nutrition strategy.