A Theoretical Approach to Intuition in Design: Does Design Methodology Need to Account for Unconscious Processes?
A Theoretical Approach to Intuition in Design: Does Design Methodology Need to Account for Unconscious Processes?
复制标题
设计中直觉的理论方法：设计方法是否需要考虑无意识过程？
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4471-6338-1_17
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
O. Eris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Badke;O. Eris
设计理论是一种知识体系，它提供了对设计原理、实践和程序的理解。这些知识导致了设计师应该如何工作的假设，这些假设构成了设计方法论的规定部分的基础。决策是设计的核心活动之一，在文献中主要被概念化为一个结构化的、明确的和理性的思维过程。从这些知识，各种决策支持方法已经开发出来。然而，有丰富的经验证据强调无意识和主要是不可访问的过程，使设计师能够快速，往往是有效的决策，而无需建立在明确的理由。考虑到设计师在日常工作中在各种不同的情况和时间框架下构建、应用和内化知识，提倡在所有情况下使用明确和结构化的过程似乎是不现实的。这一主张意味着，全面的设计理论需要考虑到无意识的过程，如直觉。从方法论的角度来看，设计方法应该承认设计师在某些情况下需要依靠直觉，特别是在时间压力下。在更高级的层次上，设计方法应该支持设计师评估使用直观方法的局限性和好处。为了拓宽单学科的视野，利用其他学科的知识，如神经生理学对无意识过程的研究结果，将是有益的。例如，在20世纪90年代初，神经生理学家确定了一组神经细胞，当大脑在人意识到错误之前检测到错误时，这些神经细胞负责传输信号。将这种类型的信息与设计师的世界联系起来，可能会导致设计师如何与自己的流程联系并管理自己的流程。
Design theory is the body of knowledge that provides an understanding of the principles, practices, and procedures of design. That knowledge leads to hypotheses on how designers should work, which constitute the basis of the prescriptive part of design methodology. Decision making is one of the central design activities, and has been predominantly conceptualized as a structured, explicit, and rational thinking process in the literature. From this knowledge, various decision support methods have been developed. However, there is rich empirical evidence highlighting unconscious and mainly inaccessible processes that allow the designer to make quick and often effective decisions without building on explicit rationale. Given designers construct, apply, and internalize knowledge in a variety of different situations and time frames in their daily work, advocating the use of explicit and structured processes in all situations seems unrealistic. This claim implies that comprehensive design theories need to take into account unconscious processes such as intuition. From a methodological perspective, design methods should acknowledge the designer’s need to rely on intuition in certain situations—especially under time pressure. At a more advanced level, design methods should support the designer in assessing the limitations and benefits of utilizing intuitive approaches. In order to broaden the mono-disciplinary view, it would be beneficial to utilize knowledge from other disciplines such as relevant findings of neurophysiological research on the processes of the unconscious. For instance, in the early 1990s, neurophysiologists identified a group of nerve cells that are responsible for transmitting a signal when the brain detects an error before the person is even aware of the error. Connecting this type of information with the world of the designer might lead to advances in how designers relate to and manage their own processes.