1. Transport of Mass, Momentum and Energy in Planetary Magnetodisc Regions
1. Transport of Mass, Momentum and Energy in Planetary Magnetodisc Regions
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1. 行星磁盘区域的质量、动量和能量传输
DOI：
10.1007/s11214-014-0086-y
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
Achilleos N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Achilleos N
气体巨行星木星和土星的快速旋转导致在其磁层环境中形成磁盘区域。在这些区域中，相对较冷的等离子体被限制在赤道区域，并且方位角（环）电流产生的磁场增加到行星偶极子，在赤道平面附近形成径向扩张的场线。随后在赤道磁盘的力平衡的强烈影响的离心应力和热离子人口，其热能是大的相比，其离心势能的大小的热压力。木星和克罗尼亚磁层的等离子体来源分别是木卫一（火山卫星）和土卫二（冰卫星）。这些来源产生的等离子体通过各自的磁层向外传输，最终从系统中消失。这种运输的研究最多的机制之一是通量管交换，等离子体不稳定性，取代质量，但不取代磁通量的任何运输过程的一个重要的观测约束。压力各向异性可能在这些磁层的等离子体损失中发挥作用。木星系统的情况尤其如此，它可以在旋转、膨胀的通量管的赤道段处容纳强大的平行压力，导致这些区域变得不稳定，吹开并释放出它们的等离子体。等离子体质量损失也与磁尾区域的磁重联事件有关。在这篇综述中，我们总结了一些重要的观测和理论概念与生产和巨行星磁盘等离子体的运输。我们开始考虑这些系统中的力平衡方面，以及它们与母行星电离层的耦合。然后，我们描述的中性和电离物种之间的相互作用的作用，以及它如何确定的等离子体质量和动量添加到磁盘的速率。接下来，我们描述了等离子体注入的观测特性，以及对全球等离子体传输和磁盘稳定性性质的影响。本文回顾了磁通管交换不稳定性的理论，讨论了重力和磁曲率对不稳定性的影响。模拟交换等离子体结构和土星的卫星土卫六之间的相互作用进行了讨论，并在土星观测到的周期性现象的关系进行了描述。最后，对与质量加载有关的等离子体波的观测、产生和演化进行了评述。
The rapid rotation of the gas giant planets, Jupiter and Saturn, leads to the formation of magnetodisc regions in their magnetospheric environments. In these regions, relatively cold plasma is confined towards the equatorial regions, and the magnetic field generated by the azimuthal (ring) current adds to the planetary dipole, forming radially distended field lines near the equatorial plane. The ensuing force balance in the equatorial magnetodisc is strongly influenced by centrifugal stress and by the thermal pressure of hot ion populations, whose thermal energy is large compared to the magnitude of their centrifugal potential energy. The sources of plasma for the Jovian and Kronian magnetospheres are the respective satellites Io (a volcanic moon) and Enceladus (an icy moon). The plasma produced by these sources is globally transported outwards through the respective magnetosphere, and ultimately lost from the system. One of the most studied mechanisms for this transport is flux tube interchange, a plasma instability which displaces mass but does not displace magnetic flux—an important observational constraint for any transport process. Pressure anisotropy is likely to play a role in the loss of plasma from these magnetospheres. This is especially the case for the Jovian system, which can harbour strong parallel pressures at the equatorial segments of rotating, expanding flux tubes, leading to these regions becoming unstable, blowing open and releasing their plasma. Plasma mass loss is also associated with magnetic reconnection events in the magnetotail regions. In this overview, we summarise some important observational and theoretical concepts associated with the production and transport of plasma in giant planet magnetodiscs. We begin by considering aspects of force balance in these systems, and their coupling with the ionospheres of their parent planets. We then describe the role of the interaction between neutral and ionized species, and how it determines the rate at which plasma mass and momentum are added to the magnetodisc. Following this, we describe the observational properties of plasma injections, and the consequent implications for the nature of global plasma transport and magnetodisc stability. The theory of the flux tube interchange instability is reviewed, and the influences of gravity and magnetic curvature on the instability are described. The interaction between simulated interchange plasma structures and Saturn’s moon Titan is discussed, and its relationship to observed periodic phenomena at Saturn is described. Finally, the observation, generation and evolution of plasma waves associated with mass loading in the magnetodisc regions is reviewed.
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土星磁层中的基本等离子体过程
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4020-9217-6_11
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
影响因子：
--
作者：
B. Mauk;D. Hamilton;T. Hill;G. Hospodarsky;Robert E. Johnson;C. Paranicas;E. Roussos;C. Russell;D. Shemansky;E. Sittler;R. Thorne
通讯作者：
R. Thorne
影响因子：
--
作者：
T. Hill;A. Dessler;L. Maher
通讯作者：
L. Maher
DOI：
10.1029/2008ja013257
发表时间：
2008-09
期刊：
Scopus
影响因子：
--
作者：
E. Bunce;C. Arridge;J. Clarke;A. Coates;S. Cowley;M. Dougherty;Jean-Claude Gérard;D. Grodent;K. Hansen;J. Nichols;D. Southwood;D. Southwood;D. Talboys
通讯作者：
E. Bunce;C. Arridge;J. Clarke;A. Coates;S. Cowley;M. Dougherty;Jean-Claude Gérard;D. Grodent;K. Hansen;J. Nichols;D. Southwood;D. Southwood;D. Talboys
木卫一环面间歇性短时磁场异常：等离子体交换的证据？
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Kivelson;K. Khurana;C. Russell;R. Walker
通讯作者：
R. Walker
带负电的羽流颗粒对土卫二阿尔文翼结构的影响：混合模拟与卡西尼磁力计数据
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kriegel;S. Simon;U. Motschmann;J. Saur;F. M. Neubauer;A. M. Persoon;M. K. Dougherty;D. A. Gurnett
通讯作者：
D. A. Gurnett