The Tell-Tale Hat: Surfacing the Uncertainty in Folklore Classification
The Tell-Tale Hat: Surfacing the Uncertainty in Folklore Classification
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告密帽：揭示民俗分类中的不确定性
DOI：
10.22148/16.012
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Timothy R. Tangherlini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Peter M. Broadwell;David Mimno;Timothy R. Tangherlini
分类是民俗学中一个令人头疼的问题。虽然广泛的体裁分类，如“民谣”，“民间故事”，“传说”，“谚语”和“谜语”是很好地建立和广泛接受，这些正式的分类是粗糙的，只不过提供了一个第一级分类的材料收集，可以很容易地包括几十个，如果不是几十万，成千上万的记录。许多大型的民间传说收藏品都是使用为非常具体的任务而设计的系统进行分类的，通常与民间叙事传播的早期理论有关。除了将民间表达直接解析为易于识别的正式类型（例如民谣、谜语、笑话、传说、童话等）之外，这些模式的首要重点是主题索引。也许这些指数中最著名的是ATU童话指数，旨在帮助那些对一种或多种文化的童话比较感兴趣的学者。另一个著名的索引是斯蒂斯·汤普森（Stith Thompson，1955- 1958）编制的民间文学主题索引，旨在帮助学者发现完整的叙事与其组成部分之间的关系，以及主题在时间和空间上的运动，其中主题被概念化为“故事中最小的元素，具有坚持传统的力量。其他类型的分类方案包括Migratory Legend [ML]目录和Danmarks gamle Folkeviser [DgF]。更具体的收藏指数包括儿童歌谣，特别是对本研究感兴趣的，丹麦民间传说收藏家Evald Tang Kristensen的传说收藏的类型学指数。
Classification is a vexing problem in folkloristics. Although broad genre classifications such as "ballad", "folktale", "legend", "proverb", and "riddle" are well established and widely accepted, these formal classifications are coarse and do little more than provide a first level sort on materials for collections that can easily include tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of records. Many large collections of folklore have been classified using systems designed for very specific tasks, usually related to early theories about the spread of folk narrative. Beyond the straightforward parsing of folk expressions into easily recognized formal genres (e.g. ballad, riddle, joke, legend, fairytale, etc.), the overarching emphasis of these schemas is on topic indexing. Perhaps best known of these indices is the ATU index of fairy tales, designed to assist scholars who are interested in the comparison of fairy tales from one or more cultures. Another well-known index, the motif index of folk literature compiled by Stith Thompson (1955-58), is designed to assist scholars in discovering the relationships between complete narratives and their component parts, as well as the movement of motifs across time and space, where the motif is conceptualized as "the smallest element in a tale having a power to persist in tradition." Other genre specific classification schemes include the Migratory Legend [ML] catalog and Danmarks gamle Folkeviser [DgF]. More collection specific indices include the Child Ballads and, of particular interest to this study, the typological indices to the Danish folklore collector Evald Tang Kristensen's legend collections.