The emerging politics of international rankings and ratings: A framework for analysis
The emerging politics of international rankings and ratings: A framework for analysis
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国际排名和评级的新兴政治：分析框架
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发表时间：
2015
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jack Snyder
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作者：
Alexander Cooley;Jack Snyder
2012年5月7日，在再次当选俄罗斯联邦总统的第一天，弗拉基米尔普京宣布，他将把经济现代化作为他的政府的目标，誓言到2015年将俄罗斯从世界银行营商便利度指数（DBI）的第120位提升到第50位。这句话值得注意的原因有两个：首先，俄罗斯总统选择DBI作为一个权威和可信的外部法官的地方官僚腐败和惨淡的投资条件，仍然是该国的特点。其次，普京引用了DBI，尽管他和其他俄罗斯官员一直否认俄罗斯其他国际排名的权威性，例如那些衡量俄罗斯民主，公民自由或媒体自由的排名。考虑到俄罗斯近乎痴迷于保护其主权不受西方外部势力和非政府组织的影响，克里姆林宫对DBI的公开接受似乎更令人震惊。9个月前，总部设在纽约的私营信用评级机构标准普尔宣布，它有史以来第一次将美国的信用评级从“AAA”最高评级下调。此次降级是对美国国会在投票提高美国债务上限之前所表现出的政治边缘政策的回应，并引发了大量媒体的关注和评论。是什么让这家私人公司有权评判强大的美国，更不用说降级了？这一决定会对世界产生什么影响
OnMay 7, 2012, on his first day as once-again elected President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin declared that he would make economic modernization the goal of his administration, vowing to take Russia from its current position as 120th on the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business Index (DBI) to 50th by 2015. The remark was noteworthy for two reasons: First, the Russian President chose theDBI as an authoritative and credible outside judge of the endemic bureaucratic corruption and dismal investment conditions that still characterize the country. Second, Putin cited the DBI even while he and other Russian officials have consistently denied the authority of other international rankings of Russia, such as those measuring Russian democracy, civil liberties, or media freedoms. Given Russia’s near obsessionwith guarding its sovereignty against the influence of Western external actors and non-governmental organizations, the Kremlin’s public acceptance of the DBI seems even more striking. Nine months earlier, the private New York-based credit rating agency Standard and Poor’s announced that it was downgrading the credit rating of the United States for the first time ever from its “AAA” highest rating. The downgrade came in response to the political brinksmanship displayed by the US Congress in the lead-up to its vote to raise the US debt-ceiling and spawned a host of media scrutiny and commentary. What gave this private company the right to judge, let alone downgrade, the powerful United States? What impact would this decision have on the world’s