Research is needed to inform environmental management of hydrothermally inactive and extinct polymetallic sulfide (PMS) deposits
Research is needed to inform environmental management of hydrothermally inactive and extinct polymetallic sulfide (PMS) deposits
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104183
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发表时间：
2020-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
C. V. Van Dover;A. Colaco;P. Collins;P. Croot;A. Metaxas;B. Murton;A. Swaddling;R. E. Boschen-Rose;J. Carlsson;L. Cuyvers;T. Fukushima;A. Gartman;R. Kennedy;C. Kriete;N. Mestre;T. Molodtsova;A. Myhrvold;E. Pelleter;S. Popoola;P. Qian;J. Sarrazin;R. Sharma;Y. J. Suh;J. Sylvan;C. Tao;M. Tomczak;J. Vermilye
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. V. Van Dover;A. Colaco;P. Collins;P. Croot;A. Metaxas;B. Murton;A. Swaddling;R. E. Boschen-Rose;J. Carlsson;L. Cuyvers;T. Fukushima;A. Gartman;R. Kennedy;C. Kriete;N. Mestre;T. Molodtsova;A. Myhrvold;E. Pelleter;S. Popoola;P. Qian;J. Sarrazin;R. Sharma;Y. J. Suh;J. Sylvan;C. Tao;M. Tomczak;J. Vermilye
深海热液喷口产生的多金属硫化物(PMS)矿床可能引起矿工的兴趣。水热活跃的硫化物生态系统因其所支持的非凡的化学合成群落而受到重视。包括加拿大、葡萄牙和美国在内的许多国家在其专属经济区保护喷口生态系统。当热液活动暂时停止(休眠)或永久停止(灭绝)时，栖息地和相关的生态系统就会发生巨大变化。直到最近，所谓的“不活跃的硫化物”栖息地，无论是休眠的还是灭绝的，都很少受到生物学家的关注。然而，深海采矿环境管理的需要使人们必须对不活跃的PMS矿床的结构和功能有科学的认识。本文呼吁科学界和新出现的海底采矿业采取行动，i)对与热液不活跃的PMS矿床有关的生态系统功能和服务进行基本的生态描述和研究，ii)通过研究评估不活动的PMS矿床对生态系统的潜在环境风险，以及III)确定可以开采不活动的PMS矿床的环境管理需求。与其他海底采矿活动相比，开采一些已灭绝的PMS矿藏可能降低了环境风险，但这一点必须通过逐个案例的科学研究加以证实。
Polymetallic sulfide (PMS) deposits produced at hydrothermal vents in the deep sea are of potential interest to miners. Hydrothermally active sulfide ecosystems are valued for the extraordinary chemosynthetic communities that they support. Many countries, including Canada, Portugal, and the United States, protect vent ecosystems in their Exclusive Economic Zones. When hydrothermal activity ceases temporarily (dormancy) or permanently (extinction), the habitat and associated ecosystem change dramatically. Until recently, so-called “inactive sulfide” habitats, either dormant or extinct, received little attention from biologists. However, the need for environmental management of deep-sea mining places new imperatives for building scientific understanding of the structure and function of inactive PMS deposits. This paper calls for actions of the scientific community and the emergent seabed mining industry to i) undertake fundamental ecological descriptions and study of ecosystem functions and services associated with hydrothermally inactive PMS deposits, ii) evaluate potential environmental risks to ecosystems of inactive PMS deposits through research, and iii) identify environmental management needs that may enable mining of inactive PMS deposits. Mining of some extinct PMS deposits may have reduced environmental risk compared to other seabed mining activities, but this must be validated through scientific research on a case-by-case basis.