The influence of perceptual training on working memory in older adults.
The influence of perceptual training on working memory in older adults.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0011537
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发表时间：
2010-07-14
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gazzaley A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berry AS;Zanto TP;Clapp WC;Hardy JL;Delahunt PB;Mahncke HW;Gazzaley A
正常的衰老与感知能力的退化和高级认知功能的下降有关，特别是工作记忆。为了弥补与年龄相关的缺陷，认知训练计划越来越多地被开发出来。然而，它还没有最终确定，如果，以及通过什么机制，训练改善认知老化的影响。此外，阻碍培训计划成功的一个主要因素是，培训经常未能将利益转移到未经培训的能力上。在这里，我们提供了第一个证据，直接转移的好处，从知觉辨别训练的工作记忆性能在老年人。此外，使用脑电图来评估参与者训练前后，我们揭示了老年人大脑功能可塑性的神经证据，例如刺激编码过程中早期视觉处理的训练诱导的修改预测工作记忆准确性的改善。这些发现证明了知觉辨别训练方法的优势，提供了明确的心理物理学证据，证明了利益转移和认知改善的神经机制。
Normal aging is associated with a degradation of perceptual abilities and a decline in higher-level cognitive functions, notably working memory. To remediate age-related deficits, cognitive training programs are increasingly being developed. However, it is not yet definitively established if, and by what mechanisms, training ameliorates effects of cognitive aging. Furthermore, a major factor impeding the success of training programs is a frequent failure of training to transfer benefits to untrained abilities. Here, we offer the first evidence of direct transfer-of-benefits from perceptual discrimination training to working memory performance in older adults. Moreover, using electroencephalography to evaluate participants before and after training, we reveal neural evidence of functional plasticity in older adult brains, such that training-induced modifications in early visual processing during stimulus encoding predict working memory accuracy improvements. These findings demonstrate the strength of the perceptual discrimination training approach by offering clear psychophysical evidence of transfer-of-benefit and a neural mechanism underlying cognitive improvement.
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