A year in pharmacology: new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2021.

A year in pharmacology: new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2021.
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DOI:
10.1007/s00210-022-02250-2
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发表时间:
2022-08
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Michel, Martin C.
Michel, Martin C.
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kayki-Mutlu, Gizem;Aksoyalp, Zinnet Sevval;Wojnowski, Leszek;Michel, Martin C.

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COVID-19疫情的第二年对美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准的新药数量没有不利影响。恰恰相反,2021年共有50种新药上市,属于FDA最成功的年份。我们将这些新药分为三个创新级别之一:(1)针对某种疾病的第一种药物(“首个适应症”),(2)使用新型分子机制的第一种药物(“首个同类药物”),以及(3)“下一个同类药物”,即,一种利用已开发的分子机制的药物。我们确定了21种一流药物,28种下一类药物,只有一种是首个适应症药物。按治疗领域划分,最大的一组再次是癌症药物,其中许多药物针对特定的基因改变。2021年批准的每两种药物中就有一种针对孤儿疾病,其中一半是癌症。小分子继续主导新药审批,其次是抗体和非抗体生物制药。2021年,FDA继续在没有强有力临床效果证据的情况下批准药物,最好的例证就是aducanumab争议。
The second year of the COVID-19 pandemic had no adverse effect on the number of new drug approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Quite the contrary, with a total of 50 new drugs, 2021 belongs to the most successful FDA years. We assign these new drugs to one of three levels of innovation: (1) first drug against a condition (“first-in-indication”), (2) first drug using a novel molecular mechanism (“first-in-class”), and (3) “next-in-class”, i.e., a drug using an already exploited molecular mechanism. We identify 21 first-in-class, 28 next-in-class, and only one first-in-indication drugs. By treatment area, the largest group is once again cancer drugs, many of which target specific genetic alterations. Every second drug approved in 2021 targets an orphan disease, half of them being cancers. Small molecules continue to dominate new drug approvals, followed by antibodies and non-antibody biopharmaceuticals. In 2021, the FDA continued to approve drugs without strong evidence of clinical effects, best exemplified by the aducanumab controversy.
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